准噶尔盆地腹部白垩系底部不整合特征

准噶尔盆地经历了海西、印支、燕山、喜马拉雅等多期构造运动,形成了多个不整合,这些不整合对于准噶尔盆地的油气运聚具有重要的控制作用.白垩系底部不整合在盆地腹部地区广泛分布,通过对该不整合面上下岩石组合、物质成分以及电性特征的研究,该不整合具有明显的3层结构特征,可以划分为不整合面之上的底块砂岩、不整合面之下的风化粘土层和半风化淋滤带.底块砂岩是一套好的储层;风化粘土层由于遭受了长期的风化作用,富Al3 、Fe3 ,贫Si4 、Ca2 ,是一套局部有效的盖层;半风化淋滤带由于长期遭受地表水的下渗淋滤溶蚀,储层物性得到了很好的改善,是一套好的储层.沿白垩系底部不整合形成了上下两套优质储盖组合,形成了大量隐蔽性的非构造圈闭组合,是盆地腹部最主要的勘探领域之一,通过该项研究为盆地腹部地区的油气勘探提供有益资料.     

An assessment of soil contamination due to heavy metals around a coal-fired thermal power plant in India

Combustion of coals in thermal power plants is one of the major sources of environmental pollution due to generation of huge amounts of ashes, which are disposed off in large ponds in the vicinity of the thermal power plants. This problem is of particular significance in India, which utilizes coals of very high ash content (∼55 wt%). Since the thermal power plants and the ash ponds are located in densely populated areas, there is potential chance for contamination of soil and groundwater of the surrounding areas from the toxic trace elements in the ash. An attempt has been made to study the extent of soil contamination around one of the largest thermal power plants of India located at Kolaghat, West Bengal India. Chemical analysis of the top soils and the soils collected from the different depth profiles surrounding the ash ponds, show that the top soils are enriched in the trace elements Mo, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Be, V, Zn, which show maximum enrichment (2–5) in the top soils collected from all the soil profiles. These elements are also enriched in the pond ash. Since there are no other sources of industrial effluents, it can be said that the enrichment of the trace elements (Mn, Co, Mo, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Be, V) is attributed to their input from ash from the disposal pond. The study has been further strengthened by log-normal distribution pattern of the elements.     

地下开采对电厂烟囱的影响预测分析

结合具体工程项目,分析了各种因素对大型高耸烟囱的影响,介绍了烟囱允许倾斜值的理论和经验计算方法,为评价和预测烟囱的稳定性提供了理论依据和实用的计算方法。     

Cones to model foundation vibrations: incompressible soil and axi-symmetric embedment of arbitrary shape

The recently streamlined strength-of-materials approach using cones to calculate vibrations of foundations embedded in layered half-spaces and full-spaces is applied to incompressible and nearly-incompressible soil and to axi-symmetric embedments of arbitrary shape. For incompressible soil the axial-wave velocity in the cones is limited to twice the shear-wave velocity and a trapped mass for the vertical motion and a trapped mass moment of inertia for the rocking motion moving as a rigid body with the under-most disk of an embedded foundation are introduced. In the case of a fully embedded foundation, a mass and a mass moment of inertia are also assigned to the upper-most disk. For an axi-symmetric embedment of arbitrary shape, the disks have varying radii. No modifications to the formulation are, however, required. For these two extensions the strength-of-materials approach using cones leads to the same sufficient engineering accuracy as is achieved in other more conventional cases. This is demonstrated in a vast study. Thus the same other advantages also apply: physical insight with conceptual clarity, simplicity and sufficient generality.     

南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测

利用三分量海底地震仪、陆上便携式地震仪和海上气枪震源在南海东北部首次进行了海陆联合的深地震探测,测线呈北北西-南南东方向,垂直于区域构造走向,总长达500km,所获得的数据质量好,深部信息丰富,可分辨出Pg、Pn、PmP等地震相,为南海东北部深部地壳结构及油气盆地形成演化的研究提供了重要的基础数据。     

黄土坡面细沟侵蚀过程的REE示踪

利用REE示踪技术探讨了坡面细沟侵蚀的发育过程。试验结果表明：在细沟发育过程中，各坡段细沟侵蚀量呈动态变化趋势；细沟发育过程可以分为起始、发展、稳定3个阶段，在不同阶段，侵蚀方式、发育特征迥异。总的看来，在坡顶部、上部、中部、下部4个坡段上，细沟发育过程中，坡面下部的侵蚀量较大。但随着放水流量的增加，坡面上部侵蚀量的比重增加。由于溯源侵蚀，最下部坡段的相对侵蚀量从92％减少到37％，呈显著下降趋势，其它3个坡段则分别从4．7％、0．25％、2．14％增加到29％、17％和23％。试验结果还表明，REE示踪法不仅可定量测定不同坡位的侵蚀量，还可以揭示冲刷过程中各坡位相对侵蚀量的变化趋势。     

Physical and coupled fully three-dimensional numerical modeling of pressurized bottom outlet flushing processes in reservoirs

Sediment deposition in reservoirs is an important research topic in engineering practice. Reservoir sedimentation has the potential to affect ood levels, drainage for agricultural land, pump station and hydropower operation as well as navigation. This paper describes the development of a coupled fully three-dimensional (3D) numerical model for the prediction of the local sediment ushing scour upstream of the bottom outlet. The presented numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the k- turbulence model which includes both sediment transport and hydrodynamic parameters. The proposed coupled fully 3D numerical model is used to simulate experimental tests based on non-cohesive sediment. The geometric features of the scour hole (temporal and spatial hole devel- opment) upstream of the bottom outlet were reasonably well predicted compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, the velocity eld upstream of the bottom outlet was in good agreement with mea- surements. The proposed numerical model for bottom outlet ushing was, therefore, validated because of its ability to accurately predict the scour hole development during the ushing process. The proposed numerical model can be considered reliable provided that the model is correctly calibrated and set up to re ect the conditions of a particular case study.     

可液化倾斜场地中桩基动力响应振动台试验研究

为研究倾斜场地中桩基的动力响应,以2011年新西兰地震中受损的Dallington桥为原型,设计并完成可液化倾斜场地桥梁桩-土相互作用的振动台模型试验。试验再现了喷砂、冒水、地裂缝、场地流滑等宏观现象。试验结果表明,土层足够的液化势及惯性是造成倾斜场地侧向流滑的必要条件;浅层土相比深层土更易液化,液化层中的加速度由下至上呈现逐渐衰减的趋势,而未液化砂土层却表现为逐渐增大的特征;深部测点的桩侧土压力明显大于浅部测点,且土体的液化会弱化土对结构的压力;结构应变最大值位于上部桥台,而结构弯矩在桩身中部及土层分界面附近出现两个较大值,桩端嵌固及倾斜场地流滑是造成出现两个弯矩较大值的主要原因。     

扭王字块体护面斜坡堤越浪量试验研究

针对现行规范中缺少扭王字块体护面斜坡堤越浪量的计算方法,考虑波陡、相对水深、相对堤顶超高、相对坡肩宽度、相对胸墙高度和相对块体尺寸等影响因素,通过波浪水槽物模试验,运用多元回归方法,给出了扭王字块体斜坡堤越浪量中护面结构影响系数和平均越浪量的计算公式。与试验值和其它计算公式进行了验证对比,结果基本吻合,具有一致性的规律。研究成果丰富了规范内容,对斜坡堤工程设计具有重要参考意义。