河流洪涝对城市公共安全应急响应能力的影响研究——以上海市外环以内中心城区为例

以上海市外环以内中心城区作为研究区域,采用洪涝情景模拟与GIS网络分析相结合的研究方法,评估了当前以及未来不同重现期河流洪涝情景下城市公共安全（110）应急响应能力。研究结果表明：在洪涝情景下,部分城市路网瘫痪、交通中断,应急车辆无法通行,公安应急服务空间可达性范围较正常情况明显变小,应急响应能力降低;由于高脆弱性区域（棚户区）主要位于黄浦江沿岸地区,江水漫溢导致淹没路段较多,因此部分棚户区的救援时间会出现延迟甚至失去应急救援服务。通过对河流洪涝情景下城市公共安全（110）应急响应能力的评估研究,可为城市洪涝灾害应急响应部门制定预防与应对措施提供理论和科学依据,具有重要的现实意义。     

基于临界条件的中国航空气象危险要素区域分布与风险区划

根据航空飞行安全的气象保障规范和临界条件,探讨了我国区域内影响飞机起降的气象要素的区域特征;在气象要素影响分析的基础上,建立飞机起降安全的气象要素评价指标;采用层次分析法(AHP)确定各评价指标的权重,利用模糊综合评价方法构建了飞机起降气象安全风险的评价标准和评价体系,运用区间梯形隶属度函数来计算评估单元各指标针对各风险等级的隶属度,最后根据最大隶属度原则作出风险评估与区划。分析表明,我国北方地区航空安全气象环境较南方地区好,南方出现航空飞行不利影响的恶劣气象条件的频率显著高于北方;我国航空安全气象风险由北至南逐渐递增,尤以东部沿海地区、福建和江西东北部地区、贵州东部及湖南地区的风险等级最高。     

Global trade in fish and fishery products: An overview

Global trade in fishery products plays a significant role in shaping the harvesting and use of fish, and therefore will be an important part of a transition to sustainable fisheries. This article provides an overview of global trade flows in fish and fishery products as well as future trends affecting the sector. It then moves on to review trade policy measures applied in major producing and importing countries, including tariff, non-tariff measures, and fisheries subsidies. It ends with an overview of recent developments in international frameworks governing trade in fish and fishery products at the global, regional and national levels.     

基于倾斜摄影测量技术的智慧城市5D产品制作工艺实现

近年来,倾斜摄影测量技术成为测绘行业的热点技术。随着倾斜摄影测量技术的快速发展,我国开始尝试应用倾斜摄影测量技术获取的航空影像制作数字化测绘产品。阐述基于倾斜摄影测量技术进行城市实景三维模型、DSM、DEM、DOM、TDOM的智慧城市5D测绘产品制作工艺研究,并介绍将此工艺实际应用于昆明市507km2的主城区5D产品制作的实施情况及可行性分析。     

陆表定量遥感反演方法的发展新动态

随着获取的遥感数据越来越多,定量遥感正处于一个飞速发展的时期。本文从反演方法和遥感数据产品生成两个主要方面对近期陆表定量遥感的发展进行评述。由于大气—陆表系统的环境变量数远远超过遥感观测数,定量遥感反演的本质是个病态反演问题。在评述机器学习方法(包括人工神经网络、支持向量回归、多元自适应回归样条函数等)的应用基础上,重点关注克服病态反演的7种正则化方法:多源数据、先验知识、最优化反演的求解约束、时空约束、多反演算法集成、数据同化和尺度转换。定量遥感发展的另外一个显著特征是由数据提供者(比如数据中心)将观测的遥感数据转换成不同的地球生物物理化学参数产品,即遥感高级产品,并服务于数据使用者。概括介绍了北京师范大学牵头研发的GLASS(Global LAnd Surface Satellite)产品的新进展与全球气候数据集的研发情况。     

核地勘安全生产管理体系构建与提升的思考

核地勘行业安全环保形势的特殊性和严峻性,要求亟需构建一种适合于核地勘单位的安全生产管理体系。该体系应以突出核地勘行业的“核”字特点,以放射源的安全管理、辐射防护和环境保护为重点,利用现代科技手段提升野外无依托作业安全保障系数和隐患闭环管理水平,以弘扬单位安全文化理念为突破口,完善具有核地勘特色的安全文化体系,使核地勘安全生产管理从传统的经验管理迈向现代的科学管理。运用科学的管理方式,掌控生产过程中的安全风险,使之控制在可接受的范围,为单位的可持续发展保驾护航。     

海洋链霉菌来源的天然产物*

海洋链霉菌由于其独特的生理和代谢功能,成为海洋微生物活性物质的主要来源。对2010-2013年初的海洋放线菌天然产物的统计表明,研究最多的是链霉菌放线菌,占海洋放线菌新天然产物的60%。本文综述了自1976年第一个海洋链霉菌天然产物到2016年6月的40年间报道的547个海洋链霉菌天然产物的结构、生物活性及其微生物来源。其结构包括含氮化合物（如生物碱）、聚酮、萜类、甾体等,其中含氮化合物是主要类型, 占海洋链霉菌天然产物总数的61%;而67%的海洋链霉菌天然产物表现出细胞毒、抑菌、抗疟和抗寄生虫等生物活性。     

Field study on flow structures within aquatic vegetation under combined currents and small-scale waves

Field measurements were conducted to study the influence of aquatic vegetation on flow structures in floodplains under combined currents and wind-driven waves. Wave and turbulent velocities were decomposed from the time series of instantaneous velocity and analysed separately. In the present study, the wind waves were small, leading to the ratios of wave excursion (E_w) to stem spacing (S) for all cases tested here were less than 0.5. This caused the vertical distributions of time-averaged velocity (U_horiz) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) impacted by vegetation similar with the vegetated flow structures under pure current conditions. For emergent vegetation, U_horiz and TKE distributed uniformly through the entire water column or increased slightly from bed to water surface. Similar distributions were present in the lower part of submerged vegetation. In the upper part of submerged vegetation, U_horiz and TKE increased rapidly toward water surface and TKE reached its maximum near the top of vegetation. The measured wave orbital velocity (U_w) fitted linear wave theory well through the entire water depth for both the emergent and submerged cases, so that with small E_w/S the wave velocity was not attenuated within vegetation and U_w within canopy can be predicted by the linear wave theory under combined currents and waves. However, wind-driven waves made the turbulence generated near the top of canopy penetrate a deeper depth into vegetation than predictions under pure current conditions.     

Approaching four decades of forest watershed research at Upper Penticton Creek,British Columbia: A synthesis

Over the past 35 years, the Upper Penticton Creek (UPC) Watershed Experiment has supported forest hydrology research in south-central British Columbia (BC), Canada. This paper provides a synthesis of research results, highlights the challenges facing UPC and identifies new research directions. Clearcutting approximately 50% of two small, snow-dominated (Dfb Koppen classification) watersheds advanced the timing of snowmelt-generated high flows and decreased late-summer low flows, relative to predictions based on pre-treatment regressions. Changes in high flows did not have a significant effect on stream channels due to low stream power, coarse substrate, and limited riparian disturbance. Changes in summer low flows reduced modelled useable fish habitat by 20%–50%. Evaporation averaged 52% of the annual precipitation in the mature forest, was reduced to 30% in a clearcut, and recovered to 40% and 47% in a 10 and 25 year-old stand, respectively. Groundwater recharge to the bedrock was estimated at 19% of annual precipitation, indicating that, even with the large uncertainty associated with this estimate, deep groundwater should not be ignored in the water balance. Suspended sediment, turbidity, and colour increased post-logging; however, chemical surface water quality did not change. Aquatic community structure changed post-logging; and although this affected the processing of organic matter, the effects on habitat quality were considered minimal. The information gained at UPC has supported provincial policies, management guidelines, forest stewardship plans and watershed risk assessments. The undisturbed control watershed, re-growing treatment watersheds and ongoing long-term hydrometric monitoring continue to provide opportunities for future research addressing issues such as the effects of young forests on streamflow and hydrologic recovery, and the influence of climate change on the hydrologic regime.