福建沿岸海域浒苔藻类的营养成分含量与食用安全

对福建沿岸海域浒苔（Enteromorpha）样品的主要组成成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质含量的研究表明,浒苔属高膳食纤维（49．0％～59．1％）、高蛋白质（19．60％～38．24％）、低脂肪（0．20％～0．55％）的藻类．浒苔中17种氨基酸总量（Ctaa）与蛋白质含量的比值为74．1％～91．0％;其必需氨基酸含量（Ctaa）占C11从的35．4％～40．0％,CⅢ与非必需氨基酸含量（C。Ⅲ）之比为0．55～0．67,且呈味氨基酸的含量丰富（47．1％）,氨基酸组成均衡．浒苔油脂中脂肪酸组成丰富,n一3PUFA含量达油脂总量的20．0％～26．4％,其中含有EPA、DHA．浒苔中矿物质含量较高,尤其富含镁、钙、铁、锌、硒、钾等人体必需矿物元素．有害元素测定结果表明,中、低潮区浒苔的铅、汞、镉、砷含量均能够符合《无公害食品海藻》安全指标的限量要求,养殖区、高潮区部分浒苔的Pb含量超标．研究结果认为,在低污染海区生长的浒苔是一种高蛋白质、高膳食纤维、低脂肪、矿物元素丰富且安全的海洋食品．     

水生入侵植物对常见水华的抑藻效应及其影响机理

为促使水生入侵植物的资源化利用以减少其对环境的危害,本文选取我国3种常见水生入侵植物,即水浮莲(Pistia stratiotes)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)作为研究对象,研究不同的植物化感作用方式(植物种植水抑藻、植物粗提物抑藻)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)这3种常见水华微藻生长的抑制作用差异及其影响机理。结果表明,3种植物的种植水和粗提物均对不同微藻表现出选择性抑制作用,且种植水的抑藻效果总体强于粗提物。其中以空心莲子草种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用最强,共培养第7天藻细胞光密度OD750值下降78.19%,叶绿素a(chl a)含量下降96.61%。铜绿微囊藻在空心莲子草种植水影响下,藻细胞的呼吸速率先升高后降低,光合速率逐渐降低,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)等抗氧化酶的活性,以及蛋白质和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,由此可知铜绿微囊藻在共培养过程中受到了明显的胁迫和伤害。而在共培养第11天,实验组的胞外藻毒素含量较对照组仅增加8.69%,差异不显著(P0.05),说明空心莲子草种植水在有效抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的同时不会促进藻毒素的释放,具有较好的生态安全性。     

世界水产品绿色养殖比较研究及对中国启示

当前全球渔业捕捞量已接近顶峰局势,水产养殖发展面临巨大环境压力,水产品绿色养殖能满足消费者对优质蛋白需求的同时,还能有效缓解生态问题,保证食品质量安全。水产品养殖绿色发展已成为世界各国的共识,渔业发达国家在一定程度上已形成较完善的绿色水产养殖体系。文章基于全球水产业发展现状和趋势,通过研究欧盟、美国和日本水产品绿色养殖的相关经验,最后结合中国水产养殖业发展现状,提出在建立严格认证标准的基础上,国内政府应加强对“绿色水产品”消费的正确引导;借鉴别国对渔业可持续发展的政策和管理制度;注重关键科学技术的研发,做到产学结合;保障资金的有效投入等相关政策建议。     

Properties of geogrid-reinforced marine slope due to the groundwater level changes

Evaluation of slope stability, especially in the absence of a proper bed such as marine soils, is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Using geogrid layers to enhance the strength and stability of embankments is regarded as a commendable stabilization method. On the other hand, groundwater level erratically fluctuates in coastal areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effects of groundwater level changes on stability of a geogrid-reinforced slope on loose marine soils in Qeshm Island, Iran. At first, geotechnical properties of the site were obtained by comprehensive series of geotechnical laboratory and in situ tests. Then, by simultaneous changes of groundwater level and several parameters such as embankment slope, loading, geogrid length, geogrid number, and tensile strength of geogrid, different characteristics such as embankment safety factor (SF), vertical and horizontal displacements at embankment top and embankment base were studied. It was observed that groundwater level had significant effects on behavior of the embankment. For most of the observations, by decreasing the groundwater level, the displacements decreased and consequently safety factor increased. Increasing the length, number, and tensile strength of geogrid led to the reduction of displacements and an increase in the safety factor.     

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。     

Wave-like aquatic propulsion of mono-hull marine vessels

The present paper describes results of the experimental investigation of a small-scale mono-hull model boat propelled by a localised flexural wave propagating along the plate of finite width forming the boat's keel. Forward propulsion of the boat was achieved through flexural wave propagation in the opposite direction, which is similar to the aquatic propulsion used in nature by stingrays. The model boat under consideration underwent a series of tests both in a Perspex water tank and in an experimental pool. In particular, the forward velocity of the boat has been measured for different frequencies and amplitudes of the flexural wave. The highest velocity achieved was 32 cm/s. The thrust and propulsive efficiency have been measured as well. The obtained value of the propulsive efficiency in the optimum regime was 51%. This indicates that the efficiency of this type of aquatic propulsion is comparable to that of dolphins and sharks (around 75%) and to that of a traditional propeller (around 70%). In contrast with a propeller though, the wave-like aquatic propulsion has the following advantages: it does not generate underwater noise and it is safe for people and marine animals.     

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理决策

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存理论,分析了备件需求与库存管理。提出了基于部件可靠度的动态需求模型;以部件的寿命服从指数分布为例,结合实际生产中备件的使用情况,通过确定备件储备的时间点,动态确定各周期备件的需求量。在确定备件动态需求量的基础上,采用多阶段动态库存理论确定了订货次数和每次订货数量,使库存量更符合实际和趋于合理。通过算例分析,给出了最小库存费用,表明基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理具有一定的实际意义。     

Analysis of accidents in Greek shipping during the pre- and post-ISM period

In shipping, safety depends on the reliability of the technical and human components of the ship-system, although the marine environment itself may sometimes be so hostile as to give rise to accidents that are beyond technical and human control. The need for a continuous analysis of shipping accidents is dictated by the accumulated evidence for the predominance of the human factor and the ever-increasing pressure for further improvement on the safety record of shipping. In this context, the effectiveness of enforced regulations towards the promotion of safety policy in shipping is assessed and the debate and focus on this issue are maintained.     

渤海湾水生态环境现状和海岸带开发对其的影响研究

由于沿海地区经济迅速发展,越来越多的陆源污水排入渤海湾,渤海湾生态环境系统承受着巨大的压力。本文建立了渤海湾生态环境的多级指标体系,并根据2003年至2005年多次渤海湾监测资料对其现状进行了分析;然后进一步研究了由于围海造地、海水淡化等开发工程引起的近岸海域水动力条件和污染物输移的变化。结果表明,陆源污染物大量排放、沿海开发活动加剧是影响渤海湾水生态环境的主要原因。沿海围垦不仅导致潮通量减少,潮流作用减弱,而且影响近岸海域污染物的输移和分布。海水淡化高浓度盐水的排放也对近岸海域的水生态环境造成很大的影响。     

我国职业健康安全管理体系的问题及对策

结合目前国内职业安全、职业健康方面的现状,分析存在的问题及原因,提出在当前形势下,需要政府、企业、员工以及全社会的共同努力,推进职业健康安全管理体系的建设。