差异蛋白质组学在水产动物环境生理学中的研究进展

随着蛋白质组学技术的发展,差异蛋白质组学的研究已引起国内外学者的广泛关注.差异蛋白质组学主要通过寻找、筛选和鉴定由某些因素引起的样本之间的差异蛋白质谱,揭示生物机体生理和病理过程以及对外界环境刺激的反应途径和调控机制,同时获得对某些关键蛋白的定性和功能分析,从分子水平上解析更多的生命现象本质.本文着重介绍了差异蛋白质组学在凝胶和非凝胶技术方面的最新技术方法,综述了差异蛋白质组学在水产动物养殖环境生理学与环境毒理学方面的研究进展,为从蛋白质水平上解析水产动物生理调控机制提供了技术支撑.     

最早的栉水母动物化石——华南伊迪卡拉纪的“八臂仙母虫”

华南伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组保存的磷酸盐化球状化石中有一部分被认为是最早的后生动物胚胎化石, 但由于缺乏成年或幼年过渡期的化石证据, 对这些最早微化石的动物属性还一直存在争议。最近在贵州江口县翁会地区伊迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组的页岩中发现一个与“庙河生物群”相似的宏体碳质压膜化石群, 其中包含一个盘状的宏体化石新类型——八臂仙母虫(Eoandromeda octobrachiata, Tang et al. 2008), 具有八条螺旋状辐射的旋臂, 封闭在一个包膜内。这种八辐射结构在八射珊瑚和栉水母动物中都可见到, 但同时具有的螺旋特性与现生的所有类群都无法对比。在贵州陡山沱组的“瓮安生物群”中发现的球状胚胎化石同样具有螺旋性状, 尽管还没有直接的个体发育证据, 但我们认为新属种可能代表这些螺旋状胚胎化石的成年实体化石。最新报道的南澳大利亚Rawnsley石英岩层中也发现相似的印痕化石, 被归为同一类别, 表明华南的“庙河生物群”与澳大利亚的“伊迪卡拉生物群”时代相当。翁会化石库中少量出露的三辐射化石与俄罗斯“白海生物群”的典型分子—Albumares和Anfesta可以对比。新发现的倾斜保存的八臂仙母虫化石和碳质条带呈子午线状排列的核桃状化石, 可能是该类化石归属栉水母类的有力证据, 这一发现推测可将栉水母类的最早化石记录从“澄江生物群”的早寒武世推前大约3千万年。     

Determination of Selenium in Marine Aquatic Products by Hydride Generation-atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry （HG-AFS）

A method for the analysis of selenium in marine aquatic products by HG-AFS has been investigated. The method is based on the reduction of inorganic selenium to volatile SeH2 which is bubbled out by carrier gas of pure argon, and then swept to Ar-H2 flame quarts atomizer to measure its fluorescence intensity. The hydride generation, transportation, atomization and some instrumental parameters were studied by a kind of orthogonal design. The optimum conditions selected are as follows： reactive acidity, 20% HC1; the amount of NaBH4, 4.9mL; gas flow of argon, 600mLmin^-1; atomizing temperature, 200 ℃ ; negative high voltage, - 300V; light current, 100 mA; integral time, 7s. The detection limit of the presented method is 0.072μgL^-1 for selenium. The calibration curve shows a satisfactory line inthe concentration range from 0.000 to 1.000μgL^-1 Se. The recovery is 95.8%-102.2%.     

内蒙古巴彦满达呼的上白垩统及动物群垂直分布特征

内蒙古巴彦满达呼与蒙古国前阿尔泰戈壁的上白垩统，同属于 Ｃａｍｐａｎｉａｎ时期的沉积，为同一个沉积盆地。可划分为滨线－浅湖、辫河 浅湖－深湖和风积三种沉积形态。原角龙个体化石具有下层大，上层较小 的垂直分布特征。     

STUDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN A EUTROPHIC SHALLOW LAKE

mooUonONEutrophicationhasdri,andwillperhapsbethemostwidespreadtypeofenviron-rnentalpollutionofwaterbodis.MostUrbanorsuburbanshallowwaterbodishaveex-perientaladetalrnan-causedeutrophhationinevitablyresultinginovergroWthofphytoplanktonandotherdramaticlakeeresySteInchangessuchasthedeCineofmacrophytes.TheensuingdeteriorationofwaterqualitycaedseriousenvirorunentalanderenoAncprobbo,bousemostoftheselakes,asidefrombeingwatefbodiesforlargescalecoInmendalfisheryusuallysupplywaterforindustryandagrict…     

可追溯的水产品流通体系建设问题探讨

中国建立可追溯的水产品流通体系非常迫切,批发市场的流通主导地位,其本身设备及监管的局限性制约着可追溯的水产品流通体系的建设。提出应用One-up-one-down可追溯原则建立可追溯的水产品流通体系。通过建立可追溯监管法规约束水产品流通主体,并从标签的规定、信息的记录和追溯凭证方面实施可追溯的水产品流通体系。     

水产饲料中三聚氰胺检测方法的优化

通过对高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水产饲料中三聚氰胺含量的方法进行优化,得到最佳色谱条件和前处理方法,建立了水产饲料中三聚氰胺的检测方法。结果表明:以体积比8∶92的乙腈、庚烷磺酸钠离子对试剂为流动相,柱温40℃,流速1.2 mL/min,以波长236 nm检测;以提取液为18 mL50%(φ)乙腈水+1 mL乙酸锌+1 mL1mol/L盐酸,淋洗液3 mL水和3 mL甲醇,洗脱体积6 mL作样品前处理。三聚氰胺加标回收率为85%～100%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,线性范围为0.2 mg/L～5.0mg/L,相关系数0.999 8,方法检出限为0.2 mg/kg。     

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅰ:钻井泥浆对水生动物的毒性比较

用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等4种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对班节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于10000mg／L（1％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余3种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。可以认为在试验条件下两种泥浆是无急性毒性的物质,但由于泥浆组成的复杂性,综合评价泥浆对水环境的影响时,需探讨其对底栖生物的影响。     

Diagnosis of a new species of neolithodes (Crustacea: Anomura: Lithodidae) from New Zealand (note)

A new stone crab, Neolithodes brodiei sp.nov., known from an ovigerous female taken in 455 fm (832 m) on the Campbell Plateau, is characterised and distinguished from the five species previously recognised. It is morphologically close to the North Atlantic N. agassizii and the South African N. asperrimus.     

Ocean wave characteristics around New Zealand

Nearly 17 years wave records from deep water and shore‐based stations are used to describe the ocean wave characteristics around New Zealand. The wave environment is dominated by west and southwest swell and storm waves generated in the temperate latitude belt of westerly winds. As a result, the west and south coasts are exposed, high energy shores, the east coast is a high energy lee shore, and the northern coast from North Cape to East Cape is a low energy lee shore sheltered from these winds and waves. South of New Zealand, wave energies are extremely high; the prevailing deep water wave is 3.5–4.5 m high and has a 10–12 s period, with a slight increase in wave heights in winter.

The west coast wave environment is mixed, and consists of locally generated westerly and southerly storm waves, and swell waves generated to the south. The prevailing wave is t.0–3.0 m and 6–8 s period. There are no strong seasonal rhythms, only shorter period cycles of wave height (5 day) associated with similar quasi‐rhythmic cycles in the weather.

The east coast also has a mixed wave climate with southerly swells, originating in the westerlies south of New Zealand, and locally generated southerly and northerly storm waves. The prevailing wave is 0.5–2.0 m and 7–11 s period. A short period rhythmic cycle, similar to that on the west coast, is superimposed on a weak seasonal cycle. The seasonal, cycle results from an increase in the frequency of local northerly waves in summer.

The prevailing wave on the north coast is a northeasterly, 0.5–1.5 m high and 5–7 s period. Subtropical disturbances and southward‐moving depressions generate a mixed wave environment and a possible seasonally reflecting a winter increase in. storminess.