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991.
Storm deposits and storm-generated coarse carbonate breccias on a pelagic outer shelf (South-East Basin, France) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michel Seguret Alexis Moussine-Pouchkine Guilherme Raja Gabaglia & Frederic Bouchette 《Sedimentology》2001,48(2):231-254
Uppermost Jurassic limestones of the South‐East Basin (France) are organized into four facies associations that were deposited in four distinct zones: (1) peritidal lagoonal limestones; (2) bioclastic and reefal limestones; (3) pelagic lime mudstones; (4) lime mudstones/calcarenites/coarse breccias. Calcarenite deposits of zone 4 exhibit sedimentary structures that are diagnostic of deposition under wave‐induced combined flow. In subzone 4a, both vertical and lateral transitions from lime mudstone/calcarenite to breccia indicate in situ brecciation under wave‐cyclic loading. Breccias were produced by heterogeneous liquefaction of material previously deposited on the sea floor. Deposits in subzone 4a record relatively long periods (>400 kyr) of sedimentation below wave base, alternating with periods of deposition under wave‐induced currents and periods of in situ deformation. In this zone, storm waves were attenuated by wave–sediment interaction, and wave energy was absorbed by the deformation of soft sediment. With reference to present‐day wave attenuation, water depths in this zone ranged between 50 and 80 m. Landwards of the attenuation zone, in zone 3, storm waves were reduced to fair‐weather wave heights. Storm wave base was not horizontal and became shallower landwards. As a consequence, water depth and wave energy were not linearly related. On a small area of the seaward edge of subzone 4a, cobbles were removed by traction currents and redeposited in subzone 4b. There, they formed a 100‐m‐thick wedge, which prograded over 3 km and was built up by the stacking of 5‐ to 20‐m‐thick cross‐stratified sets of coarse breccia. This wedge records the transport and redeposition of cobbles by a high‐velocity unidirectional component of a combined flow. The increase in flow velocity in a restricted area is proposed to result from flow concentration in a channel‐like structure of the downwelling in the gulf formed by the basin. In more distal subzone 4c, the hydrodynamic effect of wave‐induced currents was quasi‐permanent, and brecciation by wave–sediment interaction occurred only episodically. This indicates that, seawards of the attenuation zone, hydrodynamic storm wave base was deeper than mechanical storm wave base. Uppermost Jurassic carbonates were deposited and soft‐sediment deformed on a hurricane‐dominated ramp of very gentle slope and characterized by a zone of storm wave degeneration, located seawards of a zone of sedimentation below wave base. 相似文献
992.
SOURCE RADIATION AND RESPONSES OF WAVE PROPAGATION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Recordings of seismic waves propagating from earthquake source to a station at the earth's surface are a system response function.The convolution operator in time domain can be simplified as a multiplication operator in frequency domain.We discuss in frequency domain the separation of source,path and site effects for global scaling of earthquake source radiation.Also discussed are source scaling model,faulting mechanism,and the H/V inversion problems with crustal and near surface structures.Gross features of apparent source spectra appear to be not much region-dependent although there may be difference between tectonic styles within a region of tectonic mixture for which we need further study as data accumulate.Vertical spectra may be a better approach to approximate source radiation,as it has less crustal amplification effects than horizontal spectra.The H/V ratio is evidently a comprehensive indicator of amplification effects from near surface to deep structure.This gives it potential as an inversion tool to deduce site crustal structure. 相似文献
993.
A thermoelastic model for calculating the high-pressure and high-temperature properties of isotropic solids is presented
by extending the formalism by Thomsen and combining the resulting one with the Vinet model for static lattice and the Debye
model for lattice vibration. Applying it to polycrystalline corundum, we have shown that the calculated values of entropy
and heat capacity at constant pressure are in agreement with literature values to 2325 K at zero pressure and that the calculated
values of thermal expansivity agree reasonably with experimental data to 1100 K at zero pressure. The model reproduces experimental
data of sound velocities v
p
and v
s
of compressional and shear waves to 1825 K at zero pressure and those to 62 GPa at room temperature, and it reproduces also
experimental shock-wave equation of state to 150 GPa. The velocity correlation (∂ln v
s
/∂ln v
p
)
S
was found to have weak pressure and temperature dependences and the results under lower mantle conditions are compared with
those of magnesian and calcium silicate perovskites and magnesiowüstite, and the PREM values of the Earth's lower mantle.
Received: 12 February 2000 / Accepted: 15 July 2000 相似文献
994.
995.
理查逊数和晴空颠簸的关系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对切变气流中重力内波的稳定性进行了数值计算,结果表明,判别晴空颠是否发生的临界Ri数随波长,层结稳定度和基本气流变强度的不同而有所变化,预报业务中用Ri〈0.25作为预报晴空的指标易出现空报。 相似文献
996.
把斜压气流中的短波槽看成波包,并把波包作为准地转模式的初值进行研究,发现波包的结构对其演变有重要影响,初始阶段急流轴下面向西倾斜的波包能够获得较快的发展,而向东倾斜的波包则是衰减的,这与WKBJ方法得出的结论[1]是一致的,但是无论西倾还是东倾的波包,除了其自身随时间的演变外,还会激发出斜压不稳定波动,而且随着扰动的发展,不稳定斜压波会逐步在扰动中占主导地位。由此可以解释某些中纬度气旋的发生发展问题。 相似文献
997.
The breakdown and foundation of geostrophic balance is one of the important movements inthe mid-and high-latitude atmosphere and oceans.In the tropical area,the value of Coriolis pa-rameter is so small that it is difficult to satisfy the bi-geostrophic equilibrium between the pressureand velocity fields.However,in the tropical area,the zonal velocity of some motions in the atmo-sphere and oceans is large,so the Coriolis force is not small,geostrophic balance can exist in zonaldirection,i.e.semi-geostrophic balance.Furthermore,in the dominant area of Hadley circulationin the atmosphere or the area near the ocean meridional boundary,the meridional velocity is large,so geostrophic balance can also exist in meridional direction.In this paper,the process of the dis-persion of inertial gravity wave and the foundation of semi-geostrophic balance are first discussed.Second,the adjustment process between the velocity and pressure fields after adaptation is alsoviewed,and the scale criterion of the semi-geostrophic adaptation is discussed,i.e.for the motionwith meridional scale greater than the equatorial Rossby radius of deformation,the velocity andpressure fields after adaptation change to fit the initial pressure field;on the contrary,the fieldschange to fit the initial zonal velocity field,and the strength of the fields after adaptation dependson the zonal scale. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
利用反映震级-频度关系的参量C值,η值,b值和b值谱以及反映地震空间分布的森下指等研究了近海地震活动的一些主要特征,发现近海强震前地震活动性指标及图象的变化特征与陆地上强震前的特征存在一定差异;给出了新研究的可用于近海及滨海地区强震预报的短期和临震 相似文献