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141.
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143.
对交叉裂隙渗流传质特性的定量描述是研究整个裂隙网络渗透传质特性的基础。为真实模拟水流及溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程,首先通过三维轮廓仪获取天然岩石裂隙表面的形貌数据,再应用三维重构技术生成相应的三维交叉裂隙模型,随后求解Navier-Stokes方程,假定溶质运移满足Fick定律,模拟水流和溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程。通过对比粗糙裂隙模型与平行平板模型的模拟结果发现:粗糙度对流体的分布及流动状态存在显著的影响;不同进、出口工况下的流体流动及溶质运移状态亦表明:裂隙交叉的几何形貌会显著地影响溶质混合行为。这些结果表明,目前被广泛采用的平行平板模型在评估岩体内特别是交叉口的物质运移特性时将导致较大的偏差,在将来的研究中有必要针对裂隙交叉口的几何特征建立修正的模型以提高评估的准确性。 相似文献
144.
分析了全球一些有代表性的上地幔尖晶石橄榄岩和斜长石橄榄岩中各矿物的化学成分变化特征。发现在斜长石橄榄岩中,尖晶石和斜方辉石富Ti,且Ti含量随Cr/(Cr+Al)的增大而增大;单斜辉石富Ti贫Na,其Ti含量随Na含量的增大而减少。据此,结合实验结果,可以肯定世界各地大多数斜长石二辉橄榄岩在斜长石相域内未经受部分熔融。岩体所曾经受的部分熔融只发生在尖晶石或石榴石相。它们的相对熔融度可以用下面两个指标来估计:(1)最贫Ti尖晶石的Cr/(Cr+Al);(2)单斜辉石的最高Na含量。对于尖晶石橄榄岩,从二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩到纯橄榄岩,其尖晶石和斜方辉石的Cr/(Cr+Al)逐渐增大,而含量很低的Ti或Na在尖晶石、斜方辉石及单斜辉石中保持不变或趋向逐渐减小。尖晶石橄榄岩的相对熔融度可据尖晶石的Cr/(Cr+Al)和单斜辉石的Na含量来判断。 相似文献
145.
Xiaojian Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1996,6(4):289-303
The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investment (HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s
and has been reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has been replaced by the trend
of moving northwards and inlandwards after 1989. But in terms of manufacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared
until now. Those changing patterns are clearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors. The survey results
suggest that “enjoying lower production cost” is the most important motive for their investment in China. In consequence,
“close to Hong Kong”, “cheaper labour” and “favourable policy” are major factors for determining the investment locations.
This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong
absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, some companies
have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors,
however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the University Graduates Association (Hong Kong).
The author gratefully acknowledges the help from Professors Kam-hon Lee and Yue-man Yeung and Dr. David Chu at the Chinese
University of Hong Kong, and Mr. Chai-ming Mak at Electricity Advisory Services Limited (HK) during the early stage of the
study. 相似文献
146.
《Marine Policy》2016
A Dutch pilot study of fully documented fisheries provided the opportunity to observe actual changes in fishing behaviour under catch quota management (CQM). Interviews with fishers in the pilot study aided in interpreting the results and giving insight in the decision making process and reasoning of fishers. The CQM pilot study entailed a fleet of small and large demersal vessels. For these vessels, all cod catches were counted against quota, including catches of individuals below minimum landings size. To obtain reliable catch data all vessels were equipped with electronic monitoring (EM) systems. These systems recorded videos of all fishing and processing activities on board. In return, fishers received a 30% quota bonus for cod and were compensated with more flexibility on effort regulations. It was hypothesized that vessels in the CQM will (i) increase their landings by 30% according to their quota bonus, (ii) increase the use of gear with large mesh size, and (iii) change effort towards fishing locations with high catch rates of large cod and avoid areas with high catch rates of undersized cod. The results showed that CQM had no effect on fishing behaviour of the small vessels. In contrast, large vessels significantly increased their cod landings (216%) and avoided undersized cod. This difference in response of different fleets suggested that implementation of CQM, for instance in the context of the European Common Fisheries Policy, should consider fleet characteristics. It seemed that larger vessels in this study more easily adapted their behaviour to new management regimes and that the quota bonus opened up new fishing strategies, that were not envisaged during the implementation. 相似文献
147.
RJM Crawford RM Randall TR Cook PG Ryan BM Dyer R Fox 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(3):373-383
Numbers of Cape cormorants Phalacrocorax capensis breeding in South Africa decreased by nearly 50% from approximately 107 000 pairs in 1977–1981 to 57 000 pairs in 2010–2014. Although four colonies had >10 000 pairs in 1977–1981, there was just one such colony in 2010–2014. Almost all the decrease occurred after the early 1990s off north-west South Africa, between the Orange River estuary and Dassen Island. South of this, the number breeding in the two periods was stable, with some colonies being formed or growing rapidly in the 2000s. The proportion of South Africa’s Cape cormorants that bred south of Dassen Island increased from 35% in 1977–1981 to 66% in 2010–2014, with the opposite situation observed in the north-west. This matched a shift to the south and east in the distributions of two of the Cape cormorant’s main prey species, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and sardine Sardinops sagax. In 2014, an apparent scarcity of prey in the north-west resulted in Cape cormorants attempting to take bait from hooks of fishing lines over an extended period, a behaviour not previously recorded. The number of Cape cormorants breeding in the south may be constrained by the absence of large islands between Dyer Island in the west and Algoa Bay in the east. If so, it may be possible to bolster the southern population through the provision of appropriate breeding habitat, such as platforms, or restricting human disturbance at suitable mainland cliff breeding sites. 相似文献
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149.
Fish are attracted to vessels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rostad Anders; Kaartvedt Stein; Klevjer Thor A.; Melle Webjorn 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(8):1431-1437
150.