Effects of mercuric chloride on antioxidant system and DNA integrity of the crab Charybdis japonica

Mercury (Hg) is one of the commonly encountered heavy metals, which is widespread in inshore sediments of China. In order to investigate the toxicity of Hg on marine invertebrates, we studied the effects of the divalent mercuricion (Hg²⁺) (at two final concentrations of 0.0025 and 0.0050 mg L⁻¹, prepared with HgCl₂) on metallothionein (MT) content, DNA integrity (DNA strand breaks) and catalase (CAT) in the gills and hepatopancreas, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the hemolymph, gills and hepatopancreas of the portunid crab Charybdis japonica for an experiment period up to 15 d. The results indicated that MT was significantly induced after 3 d, with a positive correlation with Hg²⁺ dose and time in the hepatopancreas and a negative correlation with Hg²⁺ dose and time in the gills. While CAT in the hemolymph was not detected, it increased in the hepatopancreas during the entire experiment; SOD and GPx in the three tissues were stimulated after 12 h, both attained peak value and then reduced during the experimental period. Meanwhile, DNA strand breaks were all induced significantly after 12 h. These results suggested the detoxification strategies against Hg²⁺ in three tissues of C. japonica.     

Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of waste liquid extract from Apostichopus japonicus Selenka processing

Apos tichopus japonicus Selenka is an ideal tonic food that is used traditionally in many Asian countries, and it contains many bioactive substances, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer materials. To convert waste liquid generated during production into a useful resource, extract from waste liquid was isolated by column chromatography and studied by the pyrogallol autoxidation and 1,10-phenanthroline-Fe²⁺ oxidation methods. Results show that the extract scavenged about 91% of the superoxide anion radical at a concentration of 1.4 mg/mL and 24% of the hydroxyl radical at 3.3 mg/mL. Four compounds were isolated and identified from the extract: 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,3-diazine; 3-O-[β-D-quinovopranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-sodium sulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9(11)-ene-3β,12α,17α-triol; and 24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7-ene-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranoside. All of these compounds are known in A. japonicus, and were found in the waste liquid for the first time.     

Physiological Responses of Pistia stratiotes and Its Fluoride Removal Efficiency

Phytoremediation technology using aquatic plants is being used increasingly in constructed wetlands to purify wastewater. The physiological responses of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and its effectiveness in removing fluoride (F ^-) from water are described in this article. The results indicate that Pistia stratiotes has the ability to accumulate F ^-. The removal efficiency ranged from 27.79% to 56.32% for the various initial F ^-concentrations tested, and was highest (56.32%) in the highest initial concentration group 60mg/L. The F ^- concentrations in control groups (without Pistia stratiotes) changed very little, from -1.135% to -0.007% of the initial concentrations. At the highest removal rate, the bioconcentration factor was 7.84. The rate of purification conformed to the Michaelis-Menten equation, and the correlation coefficients (R ²) were all greater than 0.97. The Specific Growth Rates (SGR) of the treatment groups were -8.03% to -1.22%, and the SGR of plants under F ^-stress decreased during the experimental period. The partial correlation analysis showed that concentrations of F ^- in water were strongly linearly correlated with peroxidase.     

外源铁对高有机负荷下泰来草光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响

海草床是近岸重要的“蓝碳”生态系统,有机负荷升高导致的硫化物胁迫是海草床衰退的重要诱因;外源铁(Fe)的添加可有效改善高有机负荷沉积物中海草的生存状态。本研究在日光温室内,通过向两种不同类型(钙质和硅质)沉积物中添加淀粉(5 g/kg)模拟海草床高有机负荷,同时添加不同量的Fe(II)(0.00、0.05、0.15、0.50 g/kg),探究了泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii)叶片光合色素(Chl a、Chl b、Cx)含量、叶绿素荧光参数(F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v/F₀、Φ_PSII、ETR)及抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性对Fe添加的响应特点。结果表明,培养过程(30 d)中,两种类型的沉积物中外源Fe添加均能有效提升泰来草叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数水平和抗氧化酶活性,且当Fe(Ⅱ)添加量为0.50 g/kg时效果最优。Fe添加量对间隙水Fe²⁺浓度、S^2-浓度、泰来草叶片光合色素含...     

干旱和复水对东北红豆杉叶片叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)3 a生实生苗和扦插苗为实验材料,研究干旱和复水后实生苗和扦插苗的叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶活性变化规律,为更好地培育东北红豆杉资源提供理论依据。研究结果表明,实生苗对于干旱适应性强于扦插苗。在干旱处理过程中,随着干旱条件加剧,实生苗和扦插苗初始荧光Fo和非光化学猝灭系数NPQ均表现出升高趋势,扦插苗Fo升幅较快,而实生苗NPQ升幅较大。与实生苗相比,扦插苗的PSⅡ最大量子效率（Fv /Fm）,PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ФPSⅡ)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)表现出较大幅度的降低,说明扦插苗对干旱胁迫较敏感。但复水后,实生苗和3 a生扦插苗荧光参数均恢复到正常水平。干旱胁迫条件下,实生苗和扦插苗抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和POD均表现出升高。     

Involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress

Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It can survive severe environ- mental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat. Thus, we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R. soongorica to saline environments. R. soon- gorica was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaC1 solutions for 14 days. Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaC1 solution, and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment. The levels ofpe- roxidation of lipid membranes （measured by malondialdehyde content） and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） increased under salt stress. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited sig- nificant increase under 400 mM NaC1. However, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and Chalcone isomerase （CHI） decreased under salt stress. These findings possibly suggest that R. soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducin~ the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.     

三种养殖模式下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)养成品血清生化指标和脏器消化酶、抗氧化酶活力的差异

随机选取池塘专养(M1)、日本沼虾套养(M2)以及水库放养(M3)三种养殖模式养成的肛长(25.91±3.26)cm的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)作为研究材料,采用生物化学方法测定并比较了不同养殖模式日本鳗鲡养成品血清生化指标和脏器消化酶与抗氧化酶活力。结果表明:(1)在所测16项血清生化指标中,三者间均无显著差异的为TP、ALB、GLB、ALT和CHE(P>0.05),均具显著差异的为CK、CREA和α-HBDH,它们的测定值依次呈M3>M2>M1(P<0.05)、M3>M1>M2(P<0.05)和M2>M1>M3(P<0.05);(2)所测消化酶中,三者均具显著差异的为肝脏蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、肝脂肪酶及胰腺脂肪酶,它们的测定值均呈M1>M2>M3(P<0.05);(3)所测抗氧化酶中,三者间均无显著差异的为心脏SOD、CAT、POD和肝脏CAT活力(P>0.05),均具显著差异的仅为肝脏POD活力,其测定值呈M1>M3>M2(P<0.05)。     

饲料中的维生素E对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、脂肪过氧化及抗氧化能力的影响

采用6种维生素E(VE)含量为26、52、66、132、191、339 mg/kg饲料干质量的等氮等能实验饲料,研究饲料中维生素E对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长,肝脏和肌肉中的硫代巴必妥酸反应底物(TBARS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)的影响。结果表明大菱鲆的生长和体成分受饲料中VE含量的影响产生的差异不显著,然而肝脏和血清中的VE含量以及肝脏和肌肉中的硫代巴必妥酸底物(TBARS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)则受其影响显著(P<0.05)。结果显示大菱鲆幼鱼摄取不适宜量的VE时在表现出各种缺乏症之前会先发生脂肪过氧化现象,同时饲料中的VE能够有效提高大菱鲆幼鱼的抗氧化能力。     

近年来海洋生物活性多肽的研究概况与展望

海洋是地球上资源最丰富的领域，海洋生物是新型肽类生物活性物质的重要来源。科学研究证明，许多海洋多肽具有抗肿瘤、抗艾滋病、抗真菌、抗病毒、防治心脑血管疾病及免疫调节等药理活性。本文简要介绍了近5a来国内外对海洋生物活性肽的研究概况，并进行了概括性展望。     

氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过室内模拟实验研究了氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性的影响.结果表明,培养7 d后,在氟苯尼考的作用下,菲律宾蛤仔内脏团和肌肉组织的SOD,CAT,POD和GR的活性都发生了变化.低质量比氟苯尼考对SOD,CAT和POD酶活性具有诱导作用,而在高质量比条件下则表现为抑制作用.不同质量比的氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔内脏团和肌肉组织中的GR活性都有明显的抑制作用,且随着氟苯尼考质量比的增加抑制作用加强.