虾蛄肉酶法制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化和活性研究

以虾蛄(Oratosquillaoratoria)肉为研究的对象,用胰蛋白酶水解得到抗氧化肽,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为指标,采用L16(45)正交试验和三因素三水平的响应面分析法,对酶解工艺进行分析优化。结果表明最佳的酶解工艺条件为:温度51.1°C,pH7.07,加酶量1500U/g,料液比1︰3.09,酶解时间2h,DPPH自由基清除率47.3466%,理论值与预测值相差很小,说明该方法可行。在此条件下测得羟基自由基的清除率为88.9%,超氧阴离子清除率为29.13%,还原力A700为0.243,表明虾蛄肉酶解多肽有较强的抗氧化性,可以进一步分离纯化从中提取抗氧化肽。     

Effects of UV-B irradiation on isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their activities in red alga Grateloupiafilicina （Rhodophyta）

Macroalgae in a littoral zone are inevitably exposed to UV-B irradiance.We analyzed the effects of UV-B on isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POX),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) of red algae Grateloupia filicina(Lamour.) C.Agardh.The activities of SOD,CAT,and APX changed in response to UV-B in a time- and dose-dependent manner.POX activity increased significantly under all three UV-B treatments.The enzymatic assay showed three distinct bands of SODⅠ(Mn-SOD),SODⅡ(Fe-SOD),and SODⅢ(CuZn-SOD) under a low(Luv) and medium(Muv) dose of UV-B irradiation,while SODⅠ and SODⅢ activities decreased significantly when exposed to a high dose of UV-B irradiation(Huv).The activity of POX isoenzymes increased significantly after exposure to UV-B,which is consistent with the total activity.In addition,a clear decrease in activity of CATIV was detected in response to all the three doses of UV treatments.Some bands of APX isoenzyme were also clearly influenced by UV-B irradiation.Correspondingly,the daily growth rate declined under all the three exposure doses,and was especially significant under Muv and Huv treatments.These data suggest that,although the protection mechanisms of antioxidant defense system are partly inducible by UV-B to prevent the damage,G.filicina has incomplete tolerance to higher UV-B irradiation stress.     

Isolation and characterization of fucoidans from five brown algae and evaluation of their antioxidant activity

In this study, we evaluated the chemical property and antioxidant activity of fucoidans isolated from brown algae, Laminaria japonica(LJF), Lessonia nigrescens(LNF), Lessonia trabeculata(LTF), Ascophyllum mackaii(AMF), and Ecklonia maxima(EMF). LJF was less in sulfate content(14.16%) and more in galactose and mannose content(1.08 and 0.68) than the documented early. EMF contained 20%–30% of sulfate and fucose, 0.97 in molar ratio which was lower than that of sulfate to other four fucoidans(1.21–1.41). AMF(162 kDa) and EMF(150 kDa) were the first two largest in molecular weight, which were followed by LJP(126 kDa), LNF(113 kDa) and LTF(105 kDa). The fucoidans isolated these algae showed a wide range of antioxidant activity in vitro. It was found that the reducing power of the isolated fucoidans was positively correlated with their sulfate content and molecular weight. In addition, LNF and LTF at low concentrations exhibited high superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This demonstrated that low molecular weight fucoidans may perform a high antioxidant activity.     

海草抗氧化系统及其对逆境胁迫的响应特征

海草具有独特的进化地位和重要的生态价值,广泛分布于潮间带和潮下带浅海海域,易遭受多种环境因子变化的威胁,抗氧化系统在海草抵御逆境胁迫的过程中具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了海草抗氧化系统的组成、特征及其对主要逆境胁迫的响应特征研究进展,阐述了海草主要酶促抗氧化机制,并将北半球代表性海草物种——鳗草抗氧化系统相关酶基因归类分析。目前对于海草逆境胁迫的研究主要集中于单一胁迫下主要抗氧化酶(如SOD、CAT、GST)及其转录组的变化,对于多胁迫因子协同作用和非酶抗氧化物及其他抗氧化酶的响应特征研究较少;另外对于逆境胁迫下不同海草种类间抗氧化系统和关键基因的响应差异也有待深入研究。     

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marme Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species(ROS)leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000+CP and κ-ca3000+CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.     

Effects of dietary menadione on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate groups of juvenile abalone (initial weight: 1.19 ± 0.01 g; shell length: 19.23 ± 0.01 mm) were fed to satiation with 3 semi-purified diets containing 0, 10, and 1 000 mg menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)/kg, respectively. Results show that there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain or in the daily increment in shell length of abalone among different treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in viscera were significantly decreased with dietary menadione. However, activities of these enzymes except for GPX in muscle were increased. Therefore, antioxidant responses of abalone were increased in muscle and decreased in viscera by dietary menadione.     

温度和盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道两种抗氧化酶活力的联合效应

采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法研究温度(12~34℃)和盐度(0~26)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼(体长4.20±0.10 cm,体质量2.42±0.15 g)肠道超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalane,CAT)的联合效应。结果表明:1)温度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT活力的线性效应和累积效应均极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD活力线性效应显著(P<0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道CAT活力线性效应不显著(P>0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);温度和盐度对SOD活力的互作效应极显著(P<0.01),对CAT活力的互作效应不显著(P>0.05)。2)响应曲面法分析表明,随着温度和盐度的增大,两种抗氧化酶的活力均呈先减小后增大的趋势。3)建立两种抗氧化酶活力与温度、盐度间关系的模型方程(SOD:决定系数R2=0.992 9,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.939 2,P<0.01;CAT:决定系数R2=0.948 5,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.647 1,P<0.01),两模型方程可用于预测吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT的活力。4)优化结果显示,温度为24.15℃,盐度为11.75时,SOD活力最小值为9.80 U/mg,CAT活力最小值为9.28 U/mg,满意度函数值高达0.961。     

不同生育期四合木抗氧化系统的变化及生境间差异

对不同生境四合木种群特征、根际土壤理化性质进行了比较分析,对不同生育期四合木抗氧化系统的变化和生境间差异性进行了探讨。结果表明:①不同生境四合木种群密度、盖度、年龄结构存在显著差异,且低山、台地、丘陵种群所处生境有利于幼苗更新,其密度和盖度均显著大于高平原和倾斜平原种群\.②不同生境四合木根际土壤理化性质存在显著差异。对其进行聚类分析分为两类:低山、台地、丘陵为一类（A类）;高平原、倾斜平原为一类（B类）\.方差分析表明,A类样地土壤营养元素（N、P、K）和微量元素（全Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo与有效量）、土壤有机质含量及土壤含水量都显著高于B类。③不同生境四合木体内MDA含量、抗氧化酶类SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD、GR活性和非酶抗氧化剂GSH、AsA含量均随5月（营养期）、6月（花期）、8月（果期）而不断升高,二者协同作用共同抵抗干旱胁迫诱导的氧化伤害。④不同生境四合木抗氧化系统存在差异性:A类样地受到的膜脂过氧化程度相对较低,其体内的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量较低;而B类样地四合木根际土壤干旱程度较高,土壤偏贫瘠,植物体通过提高一定幅度的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量以清除干旱导致的氧化伤害。     

盐胁迫对濒危植物长叶红砂抗氧化系统的影响

以长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)幼苗为研究对象,测定了不同浓度NaCl溶液胁迫30 d的长叶红砂叶片抗氧化特征参数和自由基及膜脂过氧化指标含量,以探讨长叶红砂抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的适应机制。结果显示,高盐胁迫下长叶红砂叶片O-2的产生速率显著上升,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率都在低盐浓度下降低,高盐浓度下随着盐浓度的增加而增加;长叶红砂叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随盐胁迫加剧而显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化较小;随盐浓度的提高谷胱甘肽的基本含量显著提高,抗坏血酸盐的含量在降低。研究表明,长叶红砂叶片中SOD、POD和谷胱甘肽在防御盐胁迫引起的氧化性损害中起到了显著保护作用。     

南非紫菜多糖抗衰老作用的研究

研究了南非紫菜(Porphyra capensis)多糖(PCP)对自然衰老小鼠抗氧化活性及免疫器官的影响。将PCP 以三个剂量(50、100、200 (mg/(kg)?d）)腹腔注射给药, 连续给药20 d, 可以显著提高衰老小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数, 提高衰老小鼠SOD 和GSH-Px 的活力及总抗氧化能力, 在高剂量时降低衰老动物的MDA 的含量。PCP 能够提高衰老小鼠的免疫机能和机体的抗氧化能力, 是一种比较理想的抗衰老保健产品。