温度胁迫对掌状海带幼苗生长、抗氧化系统及叶绿素荧光的影响

采用掌状海带(Laminariadigitata)幼苗为实验材料,研究了不同温度(3、8、13、18℃)对其生长、抗氧化系统及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。测定主要参数有:相对生长速率(RGR)、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、PSII最大荧光产量(Fv/Fm)、最大相对电子传递速率(r ETRmax)结果表明:(1)掌状海带幼苗的RGR在13℃下达最大值,与3℃处理组对比呈显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)3℃处理4 h或18℃处理36 h对掌状海带幼苗SOD、CAT活性有显著影响。(3)3℃培养条件下,掌状海带幼苗的Fv/Fm、r ETRmax值显著低于对照组(13℃);18℃处理组的Fv/Fm值随着胁迫时间的延长而降低,其r ETRmax值在胁迫4 h后达最大;处理24 h,8℃处理组的r ETRmax值显著高于其他处理组。     

The polypeptide in Chlamys farreri can protect human dermal fibroblasts from ultraviolet B damage

~~The Polypeptide in Chlamys farreri can protect human dermal fibroblasts from ultraviolet B damage@张玉江$Qingdao University, Medical College,Qingdao Shandong 266021,China @战松梅$Qingdao University, Medical College,Qingdao Shandong 266021,China @曹鹏利$Qingdao University, Medical College,Qingdao Shandong 266021,China @刘宁$Qingdao University, Medical College,Qingdao Shandong 266021,China @陈雪红$Qingdao University, Medical College,Qingdao Shandong 266021,China @…     

泡叶藻及海带藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的提取及其抗氧化活性

采用超声波辅助提取方法提取泡叶藻(Ascophyllum mackaii)及海带(Laminaria japonica)藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯, 以均匀试验设计建立回归模型优化高效制备提取工艺。采用高效凝胶过滤色谱法(HPGPC)进行了相对分子质量检测及理化性质分析; 利用Fenton 反应检测法、邻苯三酚自氧化法等进行了抗氧化活性研究。结果表明, 优化的高效制备技术的超声波最佳条件为超声70 min, 温度为90℃,水提时间2 h, 料液比1︰ 80, 泡叶藻及海带藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的高效提取率分别为4.49%和3.69%,分子质量分别为142 kDa 和136 kDa, 泡叶藻和海带藻渣中的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯均具有较好的清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基能力及还原能力。海带的抗氧化活性总体略高于泡叶藻。     

三种养殖模式下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)养成品血清生化指标和脏器消化酶、抗氧化酶活力的差异

随机选取池塘专养(M1)、日本沼虾套养(M2)以及水库放养(M3)三种养殖模式养成的肛长(25.91±3.26)cm的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)作为研究材料,采用生物化学方法测定并比较了不同养殖模式日本鳗鲡养成品血清生化指标和脏器消化酶与抗氧化酶活力。结果表明:(1)在所测16项血清生化指标中,三者间均无显著差异的为TP、ALB、GLB、ALT和CHE(P>0.05),均具显著差异的为CK、CREA和α-HBDH,它们的测定值依次呈M3>M2>M1(P<0.05)、M3>M1>M2(P<0.05)和M2>M1>M3(P<0.05);(2)所测消化酶中,三者均具显著差异的为肝脏蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、肝脂肪酶及胰腺脂肪酶,它们的测定值均呈M1>M2>M3(P<0.05);(3)所测抗氧化酶中,三者间均无显著差异的为心脏SOD、CAT、POD和肝脏CAT活力(P>0.05),均具显著差异的仅为肝脏POD活力,其测定值呈M1>M3>M2(P<0.05)。     

DDT对细巧华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus tenellus）摄食、呼吸、存活和生殖的影响研究

DDT(dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) as a type of organochlorine pesticides, is an important component of pesticides pollution whose impact on the marine ecosystem is urgently to be evaluated. To investigate the biological effects of DDT on the marine ecosystem, copepods being the main contributor of secondary productivity in the marine ecosystem, were selected as target animals. The influence of DDT on the feeding, respiration, survival, and reproduction of Sinocalanus tenellus(S. tenellus) was analyzed and the antioxidant enzymes activities in the individuals were measured under different exposure concentrations of DDT. The 48 h median lethal concentration(LC50) and 96 h LC50 of DDT to S. tenellus were 5.44 and 2.50 μg/dm3, respectively. The filtration rates, grazing rates, and respiration of S. tenellus decreased apparently with increased DDT concentrations. Under lower concentration(625 ng/dm3) of DDT, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase in the animals increased significantly compared with those in the animals without any exposure to DDT, which suggested that the antioxidant enzymes can protect the animals from oxidative damage. However, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme decreased when the animals were exposed to higher concentration(1 250–2 500 ng/dm3) of DDT. The survival rate of both females and males was reduced when they were exposed to DDT less than 250 ng/dm3, but females showed higher survival rate than males when they are under the same concentration. The hatching ratio and the egg diameters of S. tenellus decreased significantly when they were exposed to DDT with a concentration of 25 and 250 ng/dm3, however, the cumulative egg production did not show any significant variation when the animals were exposed to the above DDT concentration. These data in the preset study suggested that exposure to DDT can cause the variation of the species composition of copepods, and further affect the marine ecosystem.     

Involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress

Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It can survive severe environ- mental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat. Thus, we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R. soongorica to saline environments. R. soon- gorica was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaC1 solutions for 14 days. Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaC1 solution, and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment. The levels ofpe- roxidation of lipid membranes （measured by malondialdehyde content） and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） increased under salt stress. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited sig- nificant increase under 400 mM NaC1. However, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and Chalcone isomerase （CHI） decreased under salt stress. These findings possibly suggest that R. soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducin~ the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.     

高温抗折试验仪防氧化涂剂的研制与使用

针对HM0R-MODEL-2高温抗折试验仪SiC-SiC垫板使用寿命过低的问题，从设备结构上进行改进，研制优质防氧化涂剂代替匣钵埋炭保护热处理，取得了良好的效果。     

3种海洋赤潮微藻抗氧化酶活性对UV-B辐射增强的响应

利用生物化学的方法,研究了赤潮异弯藻、亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻抗氧化酶活性对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化。结果表明:(1)不同赤潮微藻的抗氧化酶活性对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化是不同的。(2)不同的抗氧化酶活性对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化同样存在明显的差异。(3)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)相比,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性对UV-B辐射增强的响应最敏感,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性的响应变化最不明显。3种赤潮微藻SOD活性的变化是指示UV-B辐射增强的优选生物学指标。     

复合免疫药物对中国对虾血淋巴氧化酶和抗氧化酶活力的影响

中国对虾口服复合免疫药物“虾康素”后，于第1，3，5，7天分别测定了中国对虾血清中髓性过氧化物酶（MPO），酚氧化酶（PO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力，结果表明，血清中MPO，SOD和CAT活力在第1，3，5，7天时均与实验组高于对照组，并且差异极显著。血清中PO活力仅在第1天时，血细胞中PO活力则仅在第1天和7天时，实验组高于对照组，且差异极显著。     

海洋土曲霉C23-3与不同类型海洋微生物共培养对其次生代谢产物的影响

【目的】研究海洋土曲霉C23-3与不同类型海洋微生物共培养对其次生代谢产物的影响,挖掘土曲霉菌株C23-3的次生代谢潜力。【方法】将副溶血弧菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和胶红酵母的活菌或灭活菌体分别以不同时间与土曲霉C23-3共培养;采用DPPH自由基清除法和Ellman法分别评价各提取物的抗氧化和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,采用滤纸片法比较各提取物的抗菌活性,采用HPLC指纹图谱分析各提取物化学成分的差异。【结果与结论】发现不同类型的微生物与土曲霉共培养均可激活一些原本沉默的活性次级代谢产物;菌株及共培养物的化学拮抗能力、HPLC指纹图谱中的特征代谢产物变化揭示在活菌培养体系中土曲霉占竞争优势;而且灭活菌体中可能存在某些信号物质,在12 d时对土曲霉群体自感应信号分子丁内酯-I的产生具有比活菌更强的刺激作用。研究结果为深入挖掘海洋真菌代谢潜力及抗老年痴呆等活性先导化合物的发现提供基础。