A Seasonally Anoxic Mountain Lake with an Active Fe Cycle in Tropical Taiwan

Variations of temperature and oxygen indicate that the 2150 m high Great Ghost Lake in tropical Taiwan is seasonally stratified and anoxic. Low concentrations of ions and nutrients and the similarity in the distribution of the reduced species in the water column in the early stages of stagnation indicate that the production of the reduced species occurs mainly in the sediments with a subsequent release into the overlying water. In addition, the high organic matter content in the sediments and the short period of water overturn make Fe(II) the most abundant reduced species in the sediments and in the water column. As a result, the annual Fe cycle plays one of the most important roles in regulating the water chemistry and in driving the reduced species from the sediments to the anoxic hypolimnion. The distribution of reduced species during the stagnation is in agreement with the thermodynamic sequence. The accumulation rates of Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, sulfide and CH4 in the water column during the early stages of stagnation are about 5.07, 0.059, 1.69, 0.015 and 1.65 mmol m-2 day-1, respectively.     

大洋钻探与世界油气资源

全球地质学的进展，包括层序地层学以及沉积盆地数值模拟，极大地推动了油气勘探理论和实践，全球事件的研究揭示了世界油气资源的生成和分布的控制机理。     

Aptian and Albian atmospheric CO2 changes during oceanic anoxic events: Evidence from fossil Ginkgo cuticles in Jilin Province,Northeast China

The Early Cretaceous was a time with super-greenhouse conditions and episodic global oceanic anoxic events. However, relative timing of atmospheric CO₂ emissions and oceanic anoxic events, and their causal relationships remain matters of debate. Using the stomatal index approach, well-preserved fossil cuticles of Ginkgo from the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation, eastern Jilin, and from the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, central Jilin, Northeast China, were investigated to reconstruct atmospheric CO₂ concentrations during the Aptian and earliest Albian (Early Cretaceous). The results indicate that the CO₂ concentrations reached 1098–1142 ppmv (Carboniferous standardization) or 970–1305 ppmv (regression function) during the Aptian and earliest Albian. Our estimates of palaeoatmospheric CO₂ concentrations during the earliest Albian (OAE 1b) are slightly higher than the data between the early Aptian Selli (OAE 1a) and the middle Aptian Fallot OAEs; this may indicate the absence of any great emissions of CO₂ during the latest Aptian and earliest Albian.     

西藏南部中白垩世黑色页岩的碳氧同位素组成及大洋缺氧事件的讨论

本文对西藏南部中白垩世黑色页岩中的氧同位素组成特征和两次大洋缺氧事件的形成、发展过程作了较为详细的分析讨论。西藏南部中白垩世期内,在仲玛期及其稍后的沉积时期存在两次大洋缺氧事件,定两次缺氧事件在时间上可与国际上的Ｃｅｎ－Ｔｕｒ和Ｃｏｎ－Ｓａｎｔ时期的全球大洋缺氧事件相对应;该区这两闪大洋缺氧事件的形成、发展,是与当时全球特定的的生态环境和全球性的地壳构造运动、大规模的海侵、火山喷发等重大地质灾变事     

湖北巴东栖霞组缺氧沉积环境的地球化学特征

地层的岩石地球化学特征是判断其形成环境氧化还原条件的重要手段之一。对湖北巴东水布垭剖面栖霞组中层纹状灰岩和含泥质灰岩的地球化学分析,结合鄂湘桂地区栖霞期区域沉积古地理背景及栖霞组沉积学、古生态学特征,表明该区栖霞组沉积于一贫氧的沉积背景。同时该研究表明大部分适用于判别泥质岩古氧相的痕量元素和稀土元素地球化学比值,如Ｕ／Ｔｈ、Ｎｉ／Ｃｏ、Ｖ／（Ｖ＋Ｎｉ）和Ｃｅ／Ｌａ也可适用于该组以钙质沉积为主的沉积物。但部分指示,如Ｖ／Ｃｒ在碳酸盐岩中的应用值得今后研究注意。     

华北地块中-上元古界上升流沉积相及其与油气的关系

华北地块上的中－上元古界是我国最古老的沉积岩系，分3系、12个组，通过岩性、沉积相和古生物等分析，发现其中有丰富的上升流沉积相，并可分为3个亚相：富镁碳酸盐岩夹燧石薄层亚相、黑色页岩亚相和叠层石亚相等。上升流引发缺氧事件，形成中－上元古界中重要的烃源岩。研究表明，上升流沉积相与地层中有机质含量呈正相关关系，因而根据地层中上升流沉积相的发育程度，可对本区中－上元古界中的油气作出评价，上升流的发现开拓了本区油气资源研究的新方向。     

Acetate in recent anoxic sediments: Direct and indirect measurements of concentration and turnover rates

While acetate is generally regarded as an important intermediate in the mineralization of organic matter in anoxic sediment systems, some quantitative studies in marine systems (including our own) have measured acetate oxidation rates in excess of sulphate reduction rates where sulphate is known to be the principal electron acceptor. We revisited Skan Bay, Alaska, where we had previously made such observations, for a reexamination of acetate turnover. Measurements of acetate concentrations, production rate, oxidation rate and sulphate reduction rate as well as bioenergetic considerations led to the conclusion that acetate oxidation rate in 15–18-cm deep sediment is 1·1–1·5 μM h⁻¹. The possibility that previous measurements were high because of a non-citric-acid-cycle pathway of acetate oxidation (suggested by recent laboratory studies) was excluded. It appears that our previous turnover measurements were high mainly because of high acetate concentrations. Procedures used for the isolation of porewater for acetate determination may influence results to an extent not previously recognized.     

沉积地层中成矿作用的碳同位素特征和含矿缺氧盆地成因新观点

沉积盆地内地层中碳的来源,根据其碳,氧同位素特征可归纳为：海洋沉积碳酸盐碳,生物碳,热解非生物成因碳,大气淡水方解石碳和热卤水系统中的无机碳。热水成因的金矿及喷气－沉积矿床中的碳都具有深源成因的无机碳。深部含无机碳的热流体喷溢到海洋底部可以解释为扩张盆地底部形成的缺氧环境和含矿黑色页岩的主导原因。     

The Development of Anoxia in the Artificial Lake Shihwa, Korea, as a Consequence of Intertidal Reclamation

The reclamation of an intertidal flat recently created Lake Shihwa, in Kyunggi province, on the western coast of Korea. The artificial, saline lake was expected to transform into a freshwater one. However, the drainage structure of the lake does not allow entrapped Yellow Sea water to be fully replaced by freshwater from its hinterland. The lake water is strongly stratified with polluted freshwater at the surface and entrapped, saline water on the bottom. The pycnocline, lying at a depth range of 6–8 m, prevents mixing between the two water bodies, and thus generates anoxic conditions in the deeper waters. The pycnocline matches the oxic/anoxic interface between the oxygenated surface water and the hydrogen sulphide rich deep water. Stratification, the inflow of polluted water, and anoxia all contribute to the disastrous pollution of the lake.     

古海洋溶解氧与缺氧和富氧问题研究

西藏南部晚白垩世红色灰岩层为大洋富氧条件下的沉积产物,红色灰岩层内有机碳极低,生物极其繁盛,碳同位素偏低,但从上往下又呈增高趋势。溶解氧含量在古海洋演化史中是非线形波动变化的,既有全球溶解氧含量偏低时期（缺氧条件）,也有全球溶解氧含量偏高时期（富氧条件）,古海洋溶解氧含量重建和富氧问题的解决对于理解大洋循环、古气候、生命绝灭、地质事件以及有机质演化具有十分重要的科学意义