2011年9月18日印度锡金里氏6.8级地震热红外变化

选用静止卫星红外遥感亮温资料,对2011年9月18日印度锡金里氏6.8级地震热红外资料进行研究,并对比分析该地区2006年以来热红外异常变化,研究结果发现该区大地震之前存在明显的异常变化,相对功率谱最大值达到12,震前42天出现异常,9月15日前后异常幅度达到最大值,显示出明显区域性特征。     

磁赤道处化极方法

化向地磁极(化极)是最基本的磁测资料处理方法之一,化极能消除或减少斜磁化影响,提高对磁测资料的认识程度和解释水平,对研究地壳产生的磁异常具有重要意义.但低纬度地区特别是磁赤道处,化极处理很不稳定甚至奇异,一直是位场研究的难点.针对地磁纬度较低特别是磁赤道地区磁异常化极的困难,利用从磁北极处垂直磁化向低纬度地区水平磁化方向转换稳定的特点,提出狭义化赤概念,并将其与低纬度磁异常倒相解释方法结合,提出专门用于磁赤道处化极的方法.该方法扩展了现有的化极理论,实现了磁赤道处的稳定化极.区别于目前任何方法,专门用于(近)水平磁化条件下的化极计算,具有原理简单,实现方便,收敛速度快等特点.对理论模型和实际资料计算表明这种针对磁赤道地区磁异常的化极处理方法是稳定、可靠的.     

流动重力结果与河南范县ML4．7级地震

讨论了2006年4月9日范县ML4．7级地震前后重力场的变化和预测过程。震前2005年9月-2005年12月重力场表现为趋势下降,在2006年3月重力场转折上升,表现为变化加速,地震发生在重力场加速变化过程中。部分测点点值、测段段差值存在异常,点值和段差值的变化幅值在（30-60）×10^-8m·s^-2之间。震后该区的重力异常没有恢复。重力变化可能是由该区地壳形变、地壳深部质量迁移和断层蠕动共同作用引起的。     

An Automatic Method of Direct Interpretation of Residual Gravity Anomaly Profiles due to Spheres and Cylinders

We have developed a least-squares minimization approach to determine the depth and the amplitude coefficient of a buried structure from residual gravity anomaly profile. This approach is basically based on application of Werner deconvolution method to gravity formulas due to spheres and cylinders, and solving a set of algebraic linear equations to estimate the two-model parameters. The validity of this new method is demonstrated through studying and analyzing two synthetic gravity anomalies, using simulated data generated from a known model with different random error components and a known statistical distribution. After being theoretically proven, this approach was applied on two real field gravity anomalies from Cuba and Sweden. The agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and those obtained by other interpretation methods is good and comparable. Moreover, the depth obtained by the proposed approach is found to be in very good agreement with that obtained from drilling information.     

张北6.2级地震前安头屯井水位异常变化的分析

对张北6.2级和5.6级两次地震前安头屯井水位异常变化及表现特征进行分析、研究,从而认为该井对捕捉地震异常信息,特别是首都圈地区的监测预报有一定的使用价值.     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

Inducing action of hydrogen migrating along faults on earthquakes

The reduction of the microhardness and the crystal constants of some non-metallic materials, such as calcite, dolomite, antigorite, etc., are observed after a short time of hydrogen permeating treatment at low pressure. It means that hydrogen diffusion can cause their strength dropping or weakening. The hydrogen, which is produced under the earth by various chemical reactions or accumulated when the earth formed, is migrating up continuously along faults, causing weakening of rocks and faults at the same time. So it is possible that rocks and faults break under lower tectonic stress condition. Hydrogen anomalies are passive reflection, precursor and accompaniment of fault activities or earthquakes on the face of it, but hydrogen migrating has active influence on faults and its moving. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 229–235, 1992.     

汶川8.0级地震天水前兆资料异常特征及震情分析与研究

通过对天水地区监测和收集的2008年前兆资料整理分析,在汶川8.0级地震前,天水电磁和地下流体等前兆测项均有明显短临异常,同震效应突出。本文在回溯总结这些异常的基础上提出震情分析的思路和问题探讨,对今后本地区的地震趋势判断提供参考。     

利用混合海气耦合模式的气候异常预报试验

用混合海气耦合模式长期积分的模拟结果, 分析了模式大气的年际变化性; 用1979~1994年间的“回报”个例, 探讨了该模式对ENSO引起的全球气候异常的预报。结果表明:模式能较好地再现与ENSO相关的全球大气环流的年际变化特征; 对预报而言, 模式较高的预报技巧主要分布在热带地区, 全球热带大气具有较稳定的1年左右的可预报时效; 基本上可预报中、高纬地区由ENSO引起的冬、夏季大气环流异常 (包括气温和降水), 超前时间可达9个月至1年。     

夏季西太平洋台风频数异常与ENSO事件的关系及大气环流异常特征

根据西太平洋编号台风资料、NOAA卫星观测OLR资料和NCEP／NCAR风场再分析资料,在统计和探讨夏季西太平洋台风多（少）发年与ENSO事件的关系的基础上,分别对夏季台风异常偏多或偏少的E1Nifio、LaNifia年的OLR特征量和热带夏季风环流进行合成对比分析。分析表明：夏季当南半球马斯可林高压和澳大利亚高压无明显的系统性异常时,Walker环流异常的影响占主导作用,并遵循ENSO事件对大气环流及台风频数影响的基本规律。若E1Nifio期间澳大利亚高压环流出现系统性异常时,南半球环流异常的影响则占主导地位,台风反而异常偏多。对于1999年LaNifia特殊年份,马斯可林高压异常偏强引发的季风西风偏北偏东,台风反而异常偏少。弱风速垂直切变区、西太平洋暖池和季风槽的重叠部分是台风频发源地,本文分别对E1Nifio、LaNifia台风异常偏多（少）年台风频发源地的位詈和范围作了比较分析．