Predicting Global Seafloor Topography Using Multi-Source Data

A new one-minute global seafloor topography model was derived from vertical gravity gradient anomalies (VGG), altimetric gravity anomalies, and ship soundings. Ship soundings are used to constrain seafloor topography at wavelengths longer than 200 km and to calibrate the topography to VGG (or gravity) ratios at short wavelengths area by area. VGG ratios are used to predict seafloor topography for wavelength bands of 100–200 km and to suppress the effect of crust isostasy. Gravity anomalies are used to recover seafloor topography at wavelengths shorter than 100 km. The data processing procedure is described in detail in this paper. The accuracy of the model is evaluated using ship soundings and existing models, including General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans (GEBCO), DTU10, ETOPO1, and SIO V15.1. The results show that, in the discussed regions, the accuracy of the model is better than ETOPO1, GEBCO, and DTU10. Additionally, the model is comparable with V15.1, which is generally believed to have the highest accuracy. In the north-central Pacific Ocean, the accuracy of the model increased by approximately 29.5% compared with the V15.1 model. This indicates that a more accurate seafloor topography model can be formed by combining gravity anomalies, VGG, and ship soundings.     

汶川8.0级地震前典型流体中期前兆异常的初步研究

汶川8.0级大震流体前兆异常的提取, 采用了严格的定性与定量相结合的方法。 运用"同一化"思路和从属函数等判定方法, 处理川滇等地区的水位、 水氡观测资料。 介绍了5个典型的流体前兆异常实例, 并对其特征进行归纳。 初步研究结果表明, 汶川地震的流体趋势前兆异常变化是明显的, 这些异常的一个显著特点是, 其变化特征与与我国其他强震前的异常相似。     

Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies and Estimation of Depth of Magnetic Crust in Slovakia

The magnetic map of Slovakia used in the paper was compiled as part of a project titled Atlas of Geophysical maps and profiles in 2001. The residual magnetic data were analyzed to produce Curie point estimates. To remove distortion of magnetic anomalies caused by the Earth’s magnetic field, reduction to pole transformation was applied to the magnetic anomalies using the magnetization angle of the induced magnetization. Anomalies reduced to the pole tend to be better correlated with tectonic structures. We applied a 3-km upward continuation to the residually compiled magnetic anomalies in order to remove effects of topography. The depth of magnetic dipoles was calculated by an azimuthally averaged power spectrum method for the entire area. Such estimates can be indicative of temperatures in the crust, since magnetic minerals lose their spontaneous magnetization according to Curie temperature of the dominant magnetic minerals in the rocks. The computed Curie point depths in the Slovakia region vary between 15.2 km and 20.9 km. Heat flow higher than 100 mWm⁻² occurs at the central volcanics and eastern part of Slovakia, where the Curie point depths values are shallow. The correlation between Curie point depths, heat flow and crust depth was investigated for two E-W cross sections. Heat flow and Curie point depth values are correlated with each other however, these values could not be correlated with crust depth. The Curie point isotherm, which separates magnetic and non-magnetic parts of the crust, is represented in two cross sections.     

2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前长中短临异常特征的研究

在地震短临跟踪工作过程中,我们发现,2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前,在地震活动性方面,长中短临不同时段内呈现出各种形态的异常,小震活动呈现条带、围空和平静－活跃的过程。地下流体前兆异常水氡趋势性中期异常呈现同步性转折,水氡突变性短临异常呈现同步性突跳,近源区和邻区的水汞呈现同步性高值异常;而且,地下流体前兆异常形成区域与中强震发生地点有一定的构造关联性。因此,对2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前地震活动性长中短临各阶段呈现的异常．中短临地下流体前兆异常,进行了系统回顾和总结,理清预报思路,以便更好地指导今后的工作。     

库车-拜城地区中强地震前异常的初步分析

总结分析了库车-拜城地区中强地震活动特征和分布特点,探讨了库车、拜城附近地区中强地震分布的不同之处和可能的原因,并对近期中强地震前前兆资料的异常特征进行了分析总结。     

滑动窗口混合加权法磁异常保真去噪研究

实测磁异常通常含有明显的噪声干扰,常用的滑动窗口平均滤波法虽然有明显的去噪效果,但对有意义的异常信号也会造成明显的幅值和宽度上的失真.S-G平滑滤波法具有异常形态保真的优点,但在平稳区的去噪效果欠佳.本文提出异常评价识别具体方法,并据此将平均法与S-G法动态加权融合,从而实现了既能对异常区进行信号的保护,又能在全区达到有效去噪的目的,为磁异常的有效去噪形成简单而有效的方法.     

从卫星红外亮温与大地热流的关系看地震前的热红外异常

一些强地震前地表可产生热异常是人们比较一致的认识,但能否用卫星遥感技术观测到地下热异常则存在很大的分歧.本文试图通过分析热红外亮温与大地热流值的关系,探讨利用卫星遥感技术观测地震热异常的可能性及其存在的一些问题.研究结果表明:（1）在绝大多数情况下,亮温随大地热流值的升高而升高,升高的速率平均为0.057℃/mW·m^-2.如果地震引起的大地热流异常为100 mW·m^-2,则有可能产生卫星红外平均亮温约5.7℃的异常.（2）不同地区亮温随大地热流值变化速率不同,即使地震前出现了卫星热红外亮温异常,但不同地区表现也是不同的.（3）在一些地区一些季节,亮温与大地热流值关系不明显,可能是亮温数据受气象因素干扰所致.这说明地震前的热红外亮温异常是复杂的,甚至有时是难于观测到的.     

大气环境变化对地壳形变观测的影响研究

采用2003~2013年湖北省数字化地壳形变潮汐分钟值资料,利用小波分析方法,对地壳形变观测数据对大气环境变化各影响因素(大气压强、温度、降雨、台风及日食活动)的响应规律进行了研究。结果表明:近地表大气环境因素对形变观测数据的影响频段各不相同。大气压强和温度对形变观测的影响频段主要集中在较低频段(64~128 min);降雨的影响主要集中在0~全日波(0~32 min)范围内,且存在高频、非潮汐成份。而台风在形变观测较高频段上有明显影响,频段分布在1~4 s和2~4 min之间。黄梅台应变观测对2009年日食事件在128~256 min低频段上有响应。     

荣成鲁32井水温动态变化及异常分析

总结了鲁32井水温正常动态特征以及自然环境干扰形态特征,探究鲁32井水温异常变化特征,通过对该井周围500km范围内中等地震及远场大震发生时间、空间与水温异常时段对比,发现两者对应关系良好,综合分析已有数据资料认为,鲁32井水温存在附加地热场异常变化的构造条件,可作为近场中等地震前兆异常和远场大震前兆异常中短期判别指标之一。     

宁蒗5.7级地震前通海垂直摆倾斜异常变化分析

对通海地震台垂直摆倾斜仪观测资料在宁蒗5.7级地震前出现的异常进行了分析,结果表明通海台倾斜仪在震前出现明显的中期、短临异常,有明显的趋势转折、破年变、矢量反向、速率超二倍均方差等现象。