Temperature and density of the Tyrrhenian lithosphere and slab and new interpretation of gravity field in the Tyrrhenian Basin

The gravity anomaly field of the Tyrrhenian basin and surrounding regions reflects the complex series of geodynamic events active in this area since the Oligocene–Miocene. They can resume in lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric rising beneath the Tyrrhenian Basin, coexisting with the roll-back subduction of the African plate margin westward sinking beneath the Calabrian Arc. The geographic closeness between these processes implies an intense perturbation of the mantle thermal regime and an interference at regional scale between the related gravity effects.A model of the litho-asthenospheric structure of this region is suggested, showing a reasonable agreement with both the evidences in terms of regional gravity anomaly pattern and the results concerning thermal state and petro-physical features of the mantle. The first phase of this study consisted of the computation of the isotherms in the crust–mantle system beneath the Tyrrhenian Basin and, afterwards, of the density distribution within the partially melted upwelling asthenosphere. The second phase consisted of a temperature/density modelling of the slab subducting beneath the Calabrian Arc. Finally, a 2^1 / 2 interpretation of gravity data was carried out by including as constraints the results previously obtained. Thus, the final result depicts a model matching both gravity, thermal and petrographic data. They provide (a) a better definition of the thermal regime of the passive mantle rise beneath the Tyrrhenian basin by means of the estimation of the moderate asthenospheric heating and (b) a model of lithospheric slab subducting with rates that could be smaller than generally suggested in previous works.     

近表磁异常与油气关系研究进展

本文对近年来国内外科学界关于油气产区与近表磁异常关系的研究进行论述。认为国外一些科学家提出的磁亮点以方法以及钻探岩芯及岩屑中的ＭＳＲＩ参数法都是新颖有效的。它为我们提供了一个新的思路,即从油气藏的烃渗漏问题入手,寻找与其有关的相关标志,来自国外的一些报导证实了磁性变化与油气资源间较高的相关性。而我国科学院家们在塔里木等地的工作,则进一步证实了方法的有效性。     

瓦市气田化探异常特征及与油气埋深的关系

瓦市气田是个多产储层的气田,从上至下有香溪群香三段、嘉陵江组、阳新统三个气层段。该气田油气储存具有深部多浅部少,而中间微的分布特点;构造以深部发育,而浅部不发育为特征;化探异常特征是周边弱而中间强。依据油气储存与构造和化探异常三者关系,剖析了烃类异常与油气埋藏深度的内在联系,认为该区环带晕异常是浅层气藏分布范围的响应,长条状异常则反映深部气藏的主要富集地段。     

On laboratory studies of grains from outside the solar system

An overview is given of the identified surviving presolar grains in primitive meteorites. Two of these phases are discussed in more detail: (a) Presolar silicon carbide, with special emphasis on heavy element isotopic compositions which trace the slow neutron capture process (s-process) of nucleosynthesis. It is argued that there are problems either with the grain or neutron capture cross section data or with current basic understanding of heavy element nucleosynthesis, (b) Presolar diamonds, where new developments are discussed concerning the origin of the (supernova) Xenon-HL component thought to be contained within them; in addition, arguments are presented in favor of diverse carrier phases for the various Xe components observed in diamond separates.     

化探工作在萨瓦亚尔顿金矿发现中的作用

通过 1∶ 2 0万区域化探 ,发现了面积约 2 5km2的萨瓦亚尔顿 Au,As,Sb等元素的组合异常。对该异常进行了 1∶ 5万化探 ,表明它具“强度高 ,分布面积大 ,元素组合复杂”特征。在此基础上开展地质填图、地化剖面、地质路线找矿、1∶ 2万土壤化探工作、评价土壤化探异常 ,发现了萨瓦亚尔顿金矿。该矿赋存于古生界变质砂岩、炭质绢云母千枚岩、灰岩、硅质岩等低绿片岩相碎屑岩中 ,受层间断层控制。区内已发现金矿体、矿化蚀变带 2 0余条 ,以 、 、 、 矿化带规模较大。其中 号矿体控制长 4 2 0 0 m,视厚度 16.8m,该矿极具找矿潜力     

横过阿尔金山的重力测量及初步解释

以１∶５０万比例尺,实测了新疆阿尔干－青海老茫崖重力剖面。研究了该剖面及其邻区为主的青藏高原西北边缘重力场特征;划分了３个地质构造单元及８条较大断裂;计算并分析了Ａｉｒｙ重力均衡异常及莫霍界面深度。     

Structure and early evolution of the Arabian Sea and East Somali Basin

The Laxmi Ridge is a large-scale basement high buried beneath the sediments of the Indus Fan. The location of the ocean–continent transition (OCT) on this margin has previously been proposed at either the southern edge of the Laxmi Ridge or beyond it towards the India–Pakistan shelf. The former explains the margin-parallel Laxmi Basin as thinned continental crust, the latter as a failed rift of earlier seafloor spreading. To examine the structure of this margin, a reassessment of marine magnetic data has detailed seafloor-spreading magnetic anomalies prior to anomaly 24 in both the Arabian and East Somali basins. The previously identified anomaly 28 is not interpreted as a seafloor-spreading anomaly but as a magnetized basement feature adjacent to, and merging with, the ridge—the Laxmi Spur. New gravity models across the Laxmi Ridge and adjacent margin using ship and satellite data corroborate the existence of underplated crust beneath the Laxmi Ridge and Basin and the location of the OCT at the southern edge of the Ridge. The results are not compatible with the existence of a pre-anomaly 28 phase of seafloor spreading, although large-scale intrusions may be the origin of some of the basement features in the Laxmi Basin. The models also identify the Laxmi Spur as a low-density feature with a natural remanent magnetization (NRM) compatible with serpentinization. The Laxmi Ridge is mapped to the southeast, where it appears to terminate at a point coinciding with the appearance of E–W magnetic lineations and gravity anomalies at 15.5°N. Thereafter it becomes indistinct. This is interpreted as necessary in the reconstruction to the Mascarene Plateau to avoid continental overlap.     

Observations and origin of Rayleigh-wave amplitude anomalies

This is a report of observations of amplitude anomalies of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves ( R 1) between periods of 17 and 100  s. The anomalies are with respect to amplitudes predicted by Rayleigh-wave excitation for a reference earth model and catalogued centroid earthquake source parameters, such as are used in large-scale waveform inversions. The observations indicate that the amplitude anomalies are consistent for nearby recordings of the same event, while there is no obvious relation between the observed anomalies and the paths travelled by the waves. This is in contrast to Rayleigh-wave phase anomalies, which are consistent for similar propagation paths, and hence form the input in many inversions for along-path structure. The observations in this paper show that a similar inversion of intermediate-period amplitude anomalies for along- and near-path structure is not warranted without eliminating source effects, since the amplitude anomalies are dominated by scattering off near-source earth structure and by possible uncertainties in the source parameters. Sensitivity kernels that take the coupling between the moment tensor and displacement field into account demonstrate that Rayleigh-wave amplitude sensitivity is largest near the source. This report argues that the interaction between source-radiated Rayleigh waves and near-source earth structure may not be ignored in amplitude inversion procedures.     

搞好化探异常研究,提高地质找矿效果

总结了四川也质矿产勘查开发局14年来进行区域化探扫面和异常检查的情况。通过该项工作发现了45处矿床，见矿率达8．8％，特别在陕甘川交界地区和金矿的找矿上取得了很好的成果。但同时看到在四川西部地区和四川盆地的周围地区尚有很大的找矿潜力，区域化探在找寻其他矿种和更广泛的领域的应用上有着广阔的前景。