怀4井地下流体异常与地震的关系

怀 4井为国家重点观测井,在多次地震前都有明显的异常出现,对监视北京西北地区的地震起着重要的作用。文中分析了 5次中强地震前怀 4井地下流体测项的异常情况。统计了自 1998年以来周围 300km范围内 4级以上地震前怀 4井流体测项的映震情况。认为怀 4井对其周围 260km范围内≥4 0级的地震反应比较灵敏。并归纳出怀 4井流体测项前兆异常的如下特征: 1)水汞前兆异常形态为突跳型,异常结束后发震; 2)断层气二氧化碳前兆异常形态为多点高值起伏型,异常转折下降中发震; 3)水氡前兆异常形态为阶变型,异常中发震; 4)氢气前兆异常形态为突跳型,异常结束后发震。通过本研究,有助于今后对怀 4井流体异常的识别,根据怀 4井各测项对地震孕育各阶段反映的差异,更容易判定未来地震的发震时刻     

武夷山成矿带及邻区上地幔速度结构及其对燕山期岩浆-成矿活动的启示

武夷山成矿带燕山期岩浆-成矿活动的深部动力学机制一直是学者们研究的热点.已有的研究结果表明,武夷山成矿带及邻区的上地幔存在着显著的低速异常,可能与地表的岩浆-成矿活动存在着密切的联系.本研究利用分布在华夏地块98个固定地震台站以及59个流动地震台站所记录到的278个远震事件,采用远震层析成像方法构建了武夷山成矿带及邻区...     

天气尺度扰动流场对区域暴雨的指示能力

观测的大气流场可以物理分解为气候流场、行星尺度纬圈平均扰动流场和天气尺度扰动流场.低层大气的天气尺度扰动流场中的切变线、南方气旋、北方气旋、冷锋槽线、西南涡暖切变线、热带气旋、倒槽切变线、东风波切变线等对区域暴雨具有指示意义.扰动流场中的环流系统更适合天气分析的原理.中国的暴雨带多为扰动辐合线两侧气流对峙的结果.观测流场中,暴雨带出现在低空急流的左侧,是因为气候流场掩盖或削弱了天气尺度扰动流场的作用.对切变线暴雨,天气尺度扰动流场有99%的诊断能力,而原始流场只有66%的指示能力.     

日本9.0级大地震前长波辐射异常研究

应用聚类分析方法对日本M_w9.0地震前长波辐射进行了分析,结果表明2010年8月在大范围的西太平洋海域,出现一个自北向南逐渐增强的季节性高温条带,该条带从日本海沟中北段开始,一直向南延伸到伊豆—小笠原海沟.同时日本海沟的地壳垂直运动自2010年8月份开始出现季节性运动消失的异常现象.这两种现象同时出现是否表明地球物理场在大地震发生前可能出现异常？地震发生前半年时间出现的热异常条带是否与此次地震有关？这些问题有待进一步探索.     

汶川8．0级地震前兆异常对比研究

The contrast research results show that the number of items and stations with imminent, short and medium term precursor anomalies for the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake is less than that of the Menglian earthquake. The number of anomalies and stations associated with the Wenchuan earthquake increased in the early stage of the short-term range,as opposed to the later period for the Menglian and Lijiang earthquakes. Most of the medium term anomalies occurred two to three years before the Wenchuan earthquake,when the number of anomaly stations and items was eleven,and a great change appeared in the observation values in about half of the stations ( items ) . However,for the Menglian earthquake,medium term anomalies happened one to two years before the earthquake, the number of abnormal stations and items reached 20,and a sharp change appeared in the observation values six months to one year before the earthquake in about 30 percent of the stations or items. In the epicenter and the nearby area,the macroscopic abnormalities started 3 years before the Wenchuan earthquake and lasted intermittently until 1 month before the earthquake. Within 2 percent of the total area of the province,the macroscopic abnormalities accounted for 30 to 50 percent of the total number of anomalies of the Province. For the Xingtai,Tangshan,Haicheng,Songpan earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies started two to three months before,or on the very day of the earthquakes. The common feature of the precursors between the Wenchuan and other strong earthquakes is the appearance of tremendous changes in a certain number of observation values of anomalies in the mid and short terms before all these earthquakes.     

山西带断层形变特征研究

本文基于山西带跨断层形变测量的全部历史资料, 通过对1989年大同—阳高6.1级和1998年张北6.2级二次地震前断层形变群体性异常变化的分析, 对山西带断层形变特征及与强震孕育发生之间可能存在的关系进行了系统研究, 指出了断层形变在空间上和时间上存在的相对性特征, 可供用震例中总结出的断层形变规律跟踪预测和研究未来震情的趋势时参考, 同时对当前华北震情, 特别是山西带震情的跟踪研究工作提出了建议和看法。     

2011年3月24日缅甸地震期间电离层TEC异常分析

基于IGS提供的2011年3月全球TEC数据,利用滑动时窗进行异常识别的方法,分析电离层赤道异常区TEC在缅甸地震期间的异常情况。结果表明：在震前10 d内,地震上空电离层TEC出现了明显的异常扰动,电离层异常北驼峰在16日至18日期间出现了明显的较大区域负异常现象,且在18日时北驼峰明显向磁赤道漂移,负异常在19日时基本消失;而在地震发生的当天和震后一天出现了小范围的正异常,随后正异常消失。在地震期间地磁活动水平总体都相当平静,且太阳处于一个相对较稳定的中低活动水平,电离层出现的异常很可能与此次缅甸地震有关。     

云南水氡群体异常特征

采用非均匀度方法,分别提取滇西北、滇中北、滇西南、滇东南和滇东北地区水氡观测资料的地震前兆群体异常。结果表明,该方法能满足水氡观测点所在地区成组中强地震的中、短临预报要求;且该方法能自动识别异常,排除人为主观影响,便于在其他震区进行预报效能检验。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗黄岗山锡铜矿激电测量方法应用分析

内蒙古克什克腾旗黄岗山锡铜矿区北部及中部为第四纪冰川遗迹,在植被极其发育的地表之下为冰渍物、残坡积物等组成的碎石层,厚度多大于3m,因此开展地表地质工作有一定的难度。为提高找矿效果,开展了1∶1万激电测量工作。通过对激电异常的查证分析,在DJH-1号激电异常南西侧边界,燕山早期似斑状中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩与两侧石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩的内、外接触带附近发现有多期次岩浆侵入,矿化蚀变强烈,目前共圈定锡矿体10个、铜矿体8个;圈定的矿体和发现的激电异常具有较好的对应性,为进一步开展地质勘查工作提供了重要的依据。     

Finite cube elements method for calculating gravity anomaly and structural index of solid and fractal bodies with defined boundaries

In this paper, we present the finite cube elements method (FCEM); a novel numerical tool for calculating the gravity anomaly g and structural index SI of solid models with defined boundaries and variable density distributions, tilted or in normal position (e.g. blocks, faulted blocks, cylinders, spheres, hemispheres, triaxial ellipsoids). Extending the calculation to fractal objects, such as Menger sponges of different orders and bodies defined by polyhedrons, demonstrates the robustness of FCEM. In addition, approximating the cube element by a sphere of equal volume makes the calculation of gravitation and related derivatives much simpler. In gravity modelling of a sphere, cubes with edges of 100 m and 200 m achieve a good compromise between running time and overall error.
Displaying the distribution of SI of the studied models on contour maps and profiles will have a strong impact on the forward and inverse modelling of potential field data, especially for Euler deconvolution.
For Menger sponges, plots of gravity elements g and its derivatives show similar patterns independent of fractal order. Moreover, both the pattern and magnitude of SI are independent of fractal order, allowing the use of SI as a new invariant measure for fractal objects. However, SI pattern and magnitude strongly depend on the depth to the buried bodies as do other elements
In this study, we also present a new type of plot; the structural index against distance variation diagrams from which we extract the three critical SI ( CSI ) values, one per axis. The inversion of gravity anomaly data at CSI values gives the optimal mean location of the buried body.