多导体柱微波成像的连续编码遗传算法

提出一种能同时重建多个二维良导体目标外形轮廓的新方法——连续编码遗传算法．将目标的横截面轮廓近似表达为三角级数形式,由边界条件得到一积分方程组,在此基础上将成像问题转化为约束优化问题,级数的各项系数为待优化量．积分方程组为约束条件,目标函数定义为实际测量的散射场与反演过程中得到的散射场之间的相对误差函数．采用连续编码遗传算法求解,优化过程通过选择、交叉、变异等遗传操作的选代而实现,待优化目标函数进行线性变换并采用模拟退火原理确定目标后表达为适应度函数,采用联赛选择与比例选择相结合的选择机制和单点交叉方式,变异操作通过对基因施加微小随机扰动实现．上一代中适应度最高的个体直接保留．数值模拟反演实验验证了方法的有效性．与其他反演方法相比,本法具有简单、通用、鲁棒性强等特点．     

水质模型参数的非数值随机优化

以模拟退火算法为核心着重讨论了水质模型参数的非数值随机优化方法。实例分析表明,利用非数值随机优化方法(包括模拟退火算法和遗传算法)对水质模型参数进行估计,可以获得较为理想的结果。不同参数估计方法的比较进一步阐述了非数值随机优化方法在参数估计中的优点     

来自新疆皮山县克里阳剖面磷灰石裂变径迹记录的启迪——对塔里木地块现今向西昆仑山体俯冲的疑义

皮山县克里阳剖面是塔南坳陷带中—新生界发育最为完整、变形现象最具代表性的剖面。系统的磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,上白垩统—中新统砂岩样品的平均径迹年龄均大于相应的地层时代,样品的P(x2)大部分小于0.1%,说明不属于同组年龄。磷灰石单颗粒径迹年龄最大值为180～190Ma,最小年龄为10～20Ma,峰值年龄为80～90Ma和50～70Ma,磷灰石的平均径迹长度为(10.82±2.01)～(9.06±2.01)μm。径迹记录表明晚白垩世至中新世时期,沉积层的主体部分并未下沉到达磷灰石的退火带深度而导致早期径迹记录的全部消失。说明新生代时期,特别是新近纪以来,尽管西昆仑造山带存在强烈的热构造作用,山前坳陷带也发生了构造沉降,但并不存在塔里木地块向西昆仑山体的大规模的陆内俯冲作用,总体看塔南坳陷带的下插深度并未超过7km(磷灰石的退火带深度)。     

First-order design of geodetic networks using the simulated annealing method

The general problem of the optimal design for a geodetic network subject to any extrinsic factors, namely the first-order design problem, can be dealt with as a numeric optimization problem. The classic theory of this problem and the optimization methods are revised. Then the innovative use of the simulated annealing method, which has been successfully applied in other fields, is presented for this classical geodetic problem. This method, belonging to iterative heuristic techniques in operational research, uses a thermodynamical analogy to crystalline networks to offer a solution that converges probabilistically to the global optimum. Basic formulation and some examples are studied.     

Optimal selection of number and location of rainfall gauges for areal rainfall estimation using geostatistics and simulated annealing

This paper presents a method for establishing an optimal network design for the estimation of areal averages of rainfall events. The problem consists of minimising an objective function which includes both the accuracy of the areal mean estimation (as expressed by the kriging variance of estimation) and the economic cost of the data collection. The well known geostatistical variance-reduction method is used in combination with simulated annealing as an algorithm of minimisation. This methodology has several advantages which will be demonstrated in this paper. Several synthetic examples are shown in order to illustrate the performance of the methodology in two different optimisation problems: the optimal selection of a subset from a set of stations that already exist and the optimal augmentation of a previously existing network.     

直接搜索-模拟退火法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用

在研究新近发展起来的模拟退火算法及其各种改进算法的基础上,提出并构造了一种水污染控制规划的以记忆为基础的直接搜索 模拟退火算法(DSA),并将其应用于新疆乌鲁木齐水磨河排放口最优化处理规划中,在满足水质要求的同时,得到了更优的全局最优解。DSA具有编程简单、易实现、运算效率高、运用方便、结果稳定等优点,为水污染控制系统规划提供了一个新的方法,具有很好的应用前景。     

在退火环境闪锌矿颗粒的生长实验研究

应用高温显微镜和显微加热装置及自动录像等设备，对广东凡口铅锌矿区的铅锌矿石进行退火生长实验。退火实验条件为：500℃，12h；540℃，132h；600℃，12h。样品仓通氩气保护试样表面、电炉加热、循环水冷却。实验表明闪锌矿在540℃退火静态重结晶过程中，有些颗粒长大，有些颗粒则缩小甚至消失，颗粒的凸界面趋于退缩，凹界面趋于变凸，向球状闪锌矿方向演化。虽然总体积基本保持不变，但ZnS组分在局部得到明显富集，类似于自然界的成矿过程。退火实验后的球状闪锌矿颗粒，与实验前样品的主成分对比，Zn、Fe含量明显增加，S含量却明显降低，证明退火重结晶作用直接导致Zn元素的进一步富集。600℃时方铅矿和部分闪锌矿矿物出现蒸发现象。凡口矿区中生代晚期热事件的加热和保温层的覆盖，使得早期贫矿体经历退火静态重结晶作用，使贫矿体向内部收缩和圆化呈截然边界，总体演变成为高品位的超大型铅锌矿床。     

A two steps disaggregation method for highly seasonal monthly rainfall

 The need for high resolution rainfall data at temporal scales varying from daily to hourly or even minutes is a very important problem in hydrology. For many locations of the world, rainfall data quality is very poor and reliable measurements are only available at a coarse time resolution such as monthly. The purpose of this work is to apply a stochastic disaggregation method of monthly to daily precipitation in two steps: 1. Initialization of the daily rainfall series by using the truncated normal model as a reference distribution. 2.␣Restructuring of the series according to various time series statistics (autocorrelation function, scaling properties, seasonality) by using a Markov chain Monte Carlo based algorithm. The method was applied to a data set from a rainfall network of the central plains of Venezuela, in where rainfall is highly seasonal and data availability at a daily time scale or even higher temporal resolution is very limited. A detailed analysis was carried out to study the seasonal and spatial variability of many properties of the daily rainfall as scaling properties and autocorrelation function in order to incorporate the selected statistics and their annual cycle into an objective function to be minimized in the simulation procedure. Comparisons between the observed and simulated data suggest the adequacy of the technique in providing rainfall sequences with consistent statistical properties at a daily time scale given the monthly totals. The methodology, although highly computationally intensive, needs a moderate number of statistical properties of the daily rainfall. Regionalization of these statistical properties is an important next step for the application of this technique to regions in where daily data is not available.     

模拟退火法建立数字岩心的一种补充优化方案

针对传统的模拟退火建立数字岩心方法建模效率低、计算结果存在较多的孤立点等缺陷,设计了后续的补充搜索方案,定义了孔隙与骨架的边界点选取准则,提出了基于择多算子算法选取的对象点与孔隙骨架边界点交换作为新系统的生成方案.使用传统模拟退火算法对随机的初始模型优化作为第一阶段,用新系统生成方案继续优化作为第二阶段,最后减少模型中孤立孔隙点或骨架点,输出结果.试验表明,新的补充优化方案不仅可行而且效果良好.最终优化模型与传统模拟退火建模结果相比,无论是在孔隙形态还是在孔隙连通性上都与原始岩心较为接近,由反映岩石孔隙空间特征的变差函数可以看出补充搜索方案优化结果优于传统模拟退火法建模结果.