混合菌群发酵马尾藻作为海藻肥料的研究

从马尾藻原位分离发酵菌群,采用分子生物学手段分析鉴定菌种组成,获得发酵菌株4株分别为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),非脱羧勒克氏菌(Leclerciaadecarboxylata),鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonasleidyi)以及赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillusmacroides);控制4菌株接种比例进行马尾藻发酵,监测发酵过程中菌种生物量、褐藻酸含量及褐藻寡糖含量变化规律,结果表明,马尾藻经发酵36 h生成聚合度2-5的褐藻寡糖,并伴随菌种二次生长及pH下降等易于观察检测的参数变化;含褐藻寡糖的发酵原液稀释600倍后,能够明显促进小麦种子萌发及根生长,与清水对照相比萌发率提高26%,根系长度增长37%。本研究为微生物发酵法生产海藻肥料提供了可行案例,证实该方法简单有效,可操作性强,有广阔的应用前景,为将来实现海藻发酵肥工业化生产提供理论支持和数据支撑。     

Mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of sodium alginate onto modified clays

Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.     

酶解褐藻胶寡糖的HPCE分析方法研究

采用高效毛细管电泳法（HPCE）对酶解褐藻胶寡糖进行了分离分析,考察了缓冲液浓度、pH、电压及温度等参数对寡糖分离的影响.实验结果表明在pH=2.5,100mmol/L 磷酸盐缓冲液中,运行电压20kV,电泳由负极到正极,温度30℃,235nm紫外检测条件下,酶解褐藻胶寡糖获得了高效分离.     

一株产褐藻酸多糖的海洋假单胞细菌Pseudomonas sp.QDA的筛选和鉴定

根据已获褐藻酸多糖生物合成基因簇中褐藻胶裂解酶基因(αlgL)的序列设计特异性引物，利用PCR技术从海洋微生物中筛选到1株能够分泌胞外多糖的细菌。采用形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株，结果为假单胞属细菌，命名为Pseudomonas sp.QDA；系统发育树显示该菌株与P.putida亲缘关系最近。菌株产生的胞外多糖可被褐藻胶裂解酶(AlgL)降解，并在紫外234nm处检测到特征性吸收，初步证明含有褐藻酸多糖。     

海藻酸钠凝胶(C_6H_7NaO_6)_x交联Ca~(2+)包埋风味酶的工艺优化及应用稳定性研究

以海藻酸钠为载体,Ca2+为交联剂,对风味酶进行固定化。以固定化酶活力回收率为指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面分析方法优化了固定化风味酶的工艺,并考察了固定化风味酶使用的稳定性。通过对回归模型进行分析,确定最佳的固定化工艺参数为海藻酸钠浓度2.43%,加酶量(酶液体积/海藻酸钠体积)1:1.76,固定化时间2.89 h,此时固定化酶的活力回收率可达81.88%,考虑到实际操作时对参数精度的控制水平,将固定化酶的优化工艺确定为海藻酸钠浓度2.50%,加酶量(酶液体积/海藻酸钠体积)1:2,固定化时间3.00 h,固定化酶的活力回收率达到80.05%±1.33%。优化工艺下制得的固定化风味酶最适使用温度为60?C,热敏感性降低,稳定性提高;最适p H 8.0,比游离酶向碱偏移了1.0,酸碱适用范围增大;可多次使用,冷藏条件下储藏3周后活力依然保持在80%以上。     

藻酸双酯钠片剂的薄膜包衣工艺研究

为了提高产品质量的稳定性,实验研究了采用新菲尔对藻酸双酯钠片剂进行薄膜包衣的方法,并运用正交试验确定了薄膜包衣的最佳工艺条件为：藻酸双酯钠片剂硬度为3～4kg／mm^2,包衣液浓度为11％,喷液流量为0．19kg／min,片芯水分为5．0％。采用新菲尔包制的薄膜衣片与藻酸双酯钠糖衣片相比较具有阻湿性能好,片剂增重小,工时短等优点。     

褐藻酸钠硫酸酯的抗凝血及抗血栓作用

褐藻酸钠硫酸酯是以褐藻酸为原料合成的硫酸酯钠盐系列物。首次报道该系列化合物（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,主要是Ⅰ）的抗血栓和抗凝血作用。实验发现,褐藻酸钠硫酸酯系列物均有抗凝血作用。其作用具有浓度和磺化度依赖性。实验测定化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ的抗凝效价,分别相当于肝素钠的22．5％,16．7％,11．1％和11．7％。以该化合物10mg·kg－1静脉注射能增加小鼠的出血量并能抑制大鼠实验性动脉血栓的形成。化合物Ⅰ还具有延长大鼠凝血酶原时间和抑制静脉血栓形成的作用。结果提示：褐藻酸钠硫酸酯的抗凝血与抗血栓作用的活性基团可能为该化合物上的硫酸根,具有肝素样作用。     

溶液中褐藻胶低聚糖在活性炭上的吸附特性与机制研究

本文研究了不同pH、反应时间、温度、初始糖浓度条件下溶液中褐藻胶低聚糖（AOS）在活性炭上的吸附性能及其吸附动力学和热力学机制。结果表明,溶液pH对活性炭吸附AOS具有重要影响,随pH降低,AOS在活性炭上的吸附增强,pH=1时吸附量可达0.116 g/g。吸附反应在5 min内迅速发生,60 min后达到吸附平衡。活性炭吸附AOS符合准二级吸附动力学过程。吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程为自发的放热反应,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。综上,吸附过程为单分子层均相吸附,降低pH、低温有利于AOS在活性炭上的吸附。     

Drying of Micro-Encapsulated Lactic Acid Bacteria- Effects of Trehalose and Immobilization on Cell Survival and Release Properties

Lactic acid bacteria （LAB） were encapsulated with alginate, gelatin and trehalose additives by the extrusion method and dried at 4 ℃. The microcapsules were generally spherical and had a wrinkled surface with a size of 1.7mm± 0.2mm Trehalose as a carbohydrate source in the culture medium could reduce acid production and performed no function in the positive proliferation of LAB. Using trehalose as a carbohydrate source and protective medittm simultaneously had a benefit in the protection of LAB cells during the storage at 4 ℃. The density of live LAB cells could be 10^7 CFU g^-1 after 8weeks of storage. Cells of LAB could be continuously released from the capsules from the acidic （pH 1.2） to neutral conditions （pH 6.8）. The release amounts and proliferation speeds of LAB cells in neutral medium were much larger and faster than those in acidic conditions. Additionally, nxtmobilization of LAB could improve the survival of cells when they were exposed to acidic medium （pH 1.2） with a survival rate of 76%.