城市地区抗御地震灾害风险评估项目综述

城市地区抗御地震灾害风险评估项目系联合国在上世纪末为减轻地震灾害所实施的规模宏大，影响甚远的国际性研究项目，其宗旨是为了提高社会公众防灾意识，有效地减轻城市地区的地震灾害。这一历时2年的项目在有限的经费支持下，取得了令人瞩目的成绩。结合自贡市开展这个项目的实践。综合介绍和总结了该项目的情况及经验。     

Evapotranspiration from citrus trees growing in sandy soilunder drip irrigation with saline water

An experiment on evapotranspiration from citrus trees under irrigation with saline waterwas carried out for 4 months. Two lysimeters planted with a citrus tree in the green house wereused. One lysimeter was irrigated with saline water (NaCl and CaCl2 of 2000 mg/L equivalence,EC = 3.8 dS/m, SAR = 5.9) and the other was irrigated with freshwater using drip irrigation. Theapplied irrigation water was 1.2 times that of the evapotranspiration on the previous day.Evapotranspiration was calculated as the change in lysimeter weight recorded every 30 minutes.The lysimeters were filled with soil with 95.8% sand. The results of the experiment were as follows.(i) The evapotranspiration from citrus tree was reduced after irrigation with saline water. Theevapotranspiration returns to normal after leaching. However it takes months to exhaust the saltfrom the tree. ( ii ) To estimate the impact of irrigation with saline water on the evapotranspirationfrom citrus trees, the reduction coefficient due to salt stress (Ks) was used in this experiment.Evapotranspiration under irrigation with saline water (ETs) can be calculated from evapotranspira-tion under irrigation with freshwater (ET) by the equation ETs = Ks× ET. Ks can be expressed as afunction of ECsw. (iii) The critical soil-water electrical conductivity (ECsw) is 9.5 dS/m, beyondwhich adverse effects on evapotranspiration begin to appear. If ECsw can be controlled at below9.5 dS/m, saline water can be safely used for irrigation.     

Torsional vibrations of elastic foundation on saturated media

A comprehensive analytical solution is developed to examine the torsional vibration of an elastic foundation on a semi-infinite saturated elastic medium for the first time. First, the governing equations of saturated media are solved by use of Hankel transform techniques. Then, based on the assumption that the contact between the foundation and the half-space is perfectly bonded, this dynamic mixed boundary-value problem can lead to dual integral equations, which are further reduced to the standard Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and solved by numerical procedures. Numerical examples are given at the end of the paper. The numerical results indicate that the response of the elastic foundation strongly depends on the material and geometrical properties of both the saturated soil-foundation system and the load acting on the foundation. In most of the cases, the dynamic behavior of an elastic foundation on saturated media significantly differs from that of a rigid plate bearing on the elastic half-space.     

Hybrid vibration experiments with a bridge foundation system model

In order to improve seismic design technology of bridges, it is necessary to evaluate the vibration characteristics of a bridge–soil system that consists of soil, foundation structure, pier and superstructure. However, there have been few experimental studies on seismic behavior of bridge–soil system. In this paper, we conducted the hybrid vibration experiment on seismic behavior of bridge–soil system, and examined the applicability of hybrid vibration experiment to study seismic response of bridge–soil system. Based on the experiment results, seismic response of bridge was quantitatively studied.     

结构振动控制的半主动磁流变质量驱动器(MR-AMD)

本文首先提出了一种新型的半主动磁流变质量驱动器（MR－AMD），该装置用磁流变驱动器替代AMD的液压驱动系统；其次采用所提出的半主动控制算法仿真分析了MR－AMD用于结构振动控制的有效性；第三，比较了半主动质量驱动器（MR－AMD）、调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）及主动质量驱动器（AMD）对同一模型结构的控制效果。分析结果表明，MR－AMD作为一种半主动质量驱动器有效地降低了结构的反应，其控制效果虽然不如具有相同质量块参数的AMD但却优于TMD，且同AMD一样具有较宽的有效频带范围。     

导管架式海洋平台结构阻尼隔振体系及其减振效果分析

导管架式海洋平台结构是当前应用最广的一种平台结构形式。本文研究导管架式海洋平台结构阻尼隔振体系及其减振效果。针对导管架式海洋平台结构的型式与特点，为了充分发挥阻尼器的耗能减振作用，提出了在平台结构导管架端帽和甲板之间设置柔性阻尼层的新型阻尼隔振方案。针对渤海JZ20－2MUQ平台结构，建立了海洋平台结构阻尼隔振体系简化计算模型，研究了隔振层参数与结构阻尼比的关系以及它们对结构整体和隔振层层间相对位移的控制效果；进行了多种冰荷载工况和地震工况的数值模拟。结果表明，阻尼隔振方案是导管架式海洋平台结构的一种有效的减振措施。     

海洋平台结构振动的AMD主动控制参数优化分析

本文针对海洋平台结构的冰激振动和地震反应控制问题，提出了采用AMD主动控制的控制策略，结合JZ20－2MUQ平台结构进行了AMD控制系统的硬参数和软参数的优化分析，并就相应于最优参数下的AMD控制海洋平台结构冰激振动和地震反应的几种代表性工况进行了时程分析，得到了一些定性和定量的结论，为实际工程的控制设计提供了基础。本文提出的AMD主动控制方法对类似的海洋平台结构的控制问题也有参考价值。     

南京地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量和阻尼比的初步研究

本文通过对南京地区两个工程场地漫滩相成因的砂土和淤泥质粉粘土与粉砂互层土的自振动柱试验结果进行分析，探讨了围压对剪切模量G及阻力比λ的影响，通过与Seed和Idriss建议的砂土G/Gmax-γ和λ-γ曲线变化范围的对比，认为不能简单地把淤泥质粉质粘土与粉砂层土当作砂土或粉质粘土对待。     

粘性泥石流残留层的形成及减阻作用--以云南蒋家沟泥石流为例

通过对云南蒋家沟粘性泥石流的野外观测 ,讨论了粘性泥石流残留层的定义特征 ,在大量实测数据基础上 ,分析了残留层易形成时段的特性 ;分别对一次泥石流过程、若干阵泥石流和一阵泥石流残留层的变化进行了相关分析 ;最后用观测数据分析了泥石流残留层的减阻作用     

The Role of Organic Matter During Metal Enrichment in Permian Kupferschiefer of the Rudna Mine,Southwest Poland

The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kuperschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine,Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale.The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents.GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n -alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction.The enrichment of base metal is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons.