南极中国长城站空气微生物含量监测(英)

The outdoor air borne microbial content over Great Wall Station, Antarctica has been monitored, including its diurnal variations and states in fair or foul weather conditions.The results obtained show: the concentration averaged 161. 9 CFU. m-3. When the weather condition was fair, its range of variation is 0～1 336. 2 CFU. m-3, the average value was 1488. 3 CFU. m-3,when the weather was foul, the range of variation was 471. 4-4 296. 8 CFU. m-3. The average value of air borne microbial number in either fair or foul weather was 383. 0 CFU. m-3. This value is over than 21 times that obtained during 1986/1987.The results seem to show that the influence of human activities have been increasing on Antarctic ecosystem. The diurnal variation of the outdoor air borne microbes shows that the peak of content appeared at about 01: 00, and the trough at about 13: 00 in a whole day. Analyses were made of the relationships between the microbial concentration with its related indexes, i. e. relevant air temperature relative humidity or wind force.The results showed some particularities as compared with those from the areas outside Antarctica.     

Polarization anomaly of Love waves caused by lateral heterogeneity

We calculate surface waves propagating in a laterally heterogeneous structure beneath the Kuril trench, where significant Love-wave polarization anomalies, called quasi-Love waves, are generated. Since 3-D wave propagation in the two-dimensionally heterogeneous structure can be assumed, we apply the 2.5-D finite difference method to the surface-wave calculations. The calculations show that a velocity contrast of 7 per cent at depths of less than 210 km beneath the Kuril trench cannot generate quasi-Love waves, and that an unlikely contrast of 20 per cent is required to generate clear quasi-Love waves. The possible cause of the quasi-Love waves inferred from previous studies on coupled free oscillations is a lateral variation in azimuthal anisotropy. The lateral variation in azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Kuril trench suggests a change in the mantle flow induced by the subducting slab.     

城市区域屋顶上与地上的风速和温度特征分析

以低纬的城市昆明为研究对象,利用城内外屋顶上和地上的风速和温度实测资料,分析了研究较少的,做为城市第二热力面的屋顶面附近的风度温特征,变化规律及其与地上的差异,得到了一些有益的结果。     

复杂地质条件下气层的多参数识别

在复杂地质条件下,应用单一或两种孔隙测井资料直接识别气层,灵敏度不高,为了准确地识别复杂地质条件下的气层,需从不同角度,应用多参数进行综合识别,本文介绍了声波法,中子－密度法,双孔隙度法,中子－伽玛法,等效弹性模量法等,并应用它们对哈盆地两口井进行了重点分析,效果良好。     

C—O—H体系高温高压流体相组成的热力学研究

本文在C－O－H体系流体相平衡基础上,利用现有的热力学数据和新的p－V－T资料,在pT=∑pi假定下,计算了高温、高压条件下流体相组成。结果表明,该体系主要存在五种流体相,在不同温压条件下各流体相所占比例不同。在相对较低的温、压条件下,CH4是体系中占主要的流体相（约占70％）,且随温、压和氧逸度的升高,它所占比例却明显降低,所获结果为探讨无机成因天然气形成的可能性、存在的量比和稳定存在的物理化学条件提供了充分的理论依据。     

连续变脉宽发送激电方波与自动变周期测量二次场信号

介绍一种新的激电数据采集方式。该方式的主要特点在于一次测量操作可同时获取极化二次场随时间衰减和随深度变化的信息,同时还讨论了实现该采集方式的仪器工作原理和信号测量过程中的一些技术问题。     

Inversion, error analysis, and validation of GPS/MET occultation data

The global positioning system meteorology (GPS/MET) experiment was the first practical demonstration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based active limb sounding employing the radio occultation technique. This method measures, as principal observable and with millimetric accuracy, the excess phase path (relative to propagation in vacuum) of GNSS-transmitted radio waves caused by refraction during passage through the Earth’s neutral atmosphere and ionosphere in limb geometry. It shows great potential utility for weather and climate system studies in providing an unique combination of global coverage, high vertical resolution and accuracy, long-term stability, and all-weather capability. We first describe our GPS/MET data processing scheme from excess phases via bending angles to the neutral atmospheric parameters refractivity, density, pressure and temperature. Special emphasis is given to ionospheric correction methodology and the inversion of bending angles to refractivities, where we introduce a matrix inversion technique (instead of the usual integral inversion). The matrix technique is shown to lead to identical results as integral inversion but is more directly extendable to inversion by optimal estimation. The quality of GPS/MET-derived profiles is analyzed with an error estimation analysis employing a Monte Carlo technique. We consider statistical errors together with systematic errors due to upper-boundary initialization of the retrieval by a priori bending angles. Perfect initialization and properly smoothed statistical errors allow for better than 1 K temperature retrieval accuracy up to the stratopause. No initialization and statistical errors yield better than 1 K accuracy up to 30 km but less than 3 K accuracy above 40 km. Given imperfect initialization, biases ≫ 2 K propagate down to below 30 km height in unfavorable realistic cases. Furthermore, results of a statistical validation of GPS/MET profiles through comparison with atmospheric analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are presented. The comparisons indicate the high utility of the occultation data in that very good agreement of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere temperature (better than 1.5 K rms, ≪ 0.5 K bias) is found for a region (Europe+USA) where the ECMWF analyses are known to be good, but poorer agreement for a region (Southern Pacific) where the analyses are known to be degraded.     

实验变形煤结构演化的电子顺磁共振研究

通过１４件高温高压实验样品及其原样的电子顺磁共振研究,论述了温度、压力、应力、应变速率和应变强度等是影响变形煤化学结构演化的重要因素,但在不同的煤级中和不同的实验条件下,各因素所起的作用是不同的。变形煤ＥＰＲ参数的演化与镜质组反射率的变化密切相关,并且具有较好的规律性。说明镜质组反射率是煤化学结构演化的外在反映,是煤田构造研究中极为重要的标志物之一。     

全球水分布和气压变化对固体地球质心位置的影响

根据IERS决议,国际地球参考系的原点是地球固体部分、海洋和大气的共同质量中心因此,地球上流体部分质量分布变化会改变固体地球质心相对于国际地球参考系原点的位置变化．空间技术如SLR和GPS的观测结果表明,固体地球质心可能有幅度达10毫米的位置变化,所以给出固体地球质心位置变化以及地球物理原因已成为重要问题.本文采用了全球4000多个地面气象台站从1949到1982年的月平均降水、温度和气压值,对水和大气的分布变化引起的固体地球质心位置变化进行了计算,得出水储量分布变化对固体地球质心运动比气压分布变化有更大的贡献,固体地球质心位置变化的最大值可达4毫米．