电镀PDC石油全面钻头及其在油气田中的应用

采用低温电镀工艺生产ＰＤＣ石油全面钻头对金刚石无任何热损伤，对喷咀进行组合设计，在两口井中进行试验，取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益，并分析了钻头的特点及存在的问题。     

城市化对北京平均气温的影响

本文利用北京（观象台）及周围几个气象台站月平均气温资料，滑动平均后，采用主成分分析方法，再进行倾向性分析，探讨了北京城市化对气平均气温的影响，估算对北京（观象台）气温记录的影响约为０．２１℃／３３ａ推断市中心二环路以内强烈地影响。     

岩体水力学基础(三)──岩体渗流场与应力场耦合的集中参数模型及连续介质模型

本文在分析了岩体系统的结构性和水力学特征后，提出了岩体渗流场与应力场耦合数学模型的机理分析、混合分析及系统辨识建模方法。运用系统辨识方法建立了岩体渗流场与应力场耦合的集中参数模型，并应用于解决实际问题；运用机理分析和混合分析方法建立了岩体渗流场与应力场双场耦合及与温度场三场耦合的连续介质分布参数模型。     

Surface sediment Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) distributions along an ecotonal transect in subarctic Fennoscandia: developing a tool for palaeotemperature reconstructions

We used multivariate statistical techniques to analyse the distributions of surface sediment chironomid assemblages with respect to surface-water temperature, and an additional set of 27 environmental variables, in 30 freshwater lakes of northern Fennoscandia. Our study transect spans boreal coniferous forest to subarctic tundra and includes a steep temperature gradient. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with forward selection and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that there were statistically significant (P<0.05) relationships between chironomid distributions and two environmental variables, namely lakewater temperature and maximum lake depth. A constrained CCA with temperature as the only predictor variable suggested that the relationship between lakewater temperature and chironomid composition was sufficiently robust for developing a weighted-averaging (WA) based quantitative inference model that will allow palaeotemperature reconstructions using subfossil chironomid remains preserved in lake sediments.     

基于GIS的山区年均温分布模拟与制图

针对某些下垫面复杂而气象站(哨)有限的山区,用地理信息系统(GIS)和气温推算数学模型相结合,来获取全域的年均温分布栅格图和等值线矢量图。以龙游县为例,说明了该方法从数学模型、因素图输入、图层格式转换、图幅叠置分析等一系列技术步骤。     

中低温对流型地热系统

中低温对流型地热系统在自然界和我国有着广泛的分布。这类地热系统在阐明地区构造活动性、地热资源形成、分布以及水－岩相互作用和有用元素富集成矿等方面均有着十分重要的意义。文章重点介绍中低温对流型地热系统的特点及其形成模式、在我国的分布，并以漳州地区为例作出实例剖析。     

Modelling of soil temperature profiles using data from the pilot experiment at Anand

We present some preliminary results from a multi-layer soil temperature finite-difference model using the data set obtained during the pilot experiment on land surface processes at Anand. We hope that the present results will prove useful during the final field experiments scheduled for the coming monsoon season.     

低温条件下有机酸对铁、铜的淋滤实验研究

水／岩作用实验研究表明，在低温条件下柠檬酸、草酸和酒石酸对岩石中的铁、铜都有很高的淋滤率。这表明，在表生地质作用过程中有机酸对成矿元素有很强的活化能力。实验研究同时发现，有机酸对成矿元素的活化能力受其分解温度的限制，由于大部分有机酸的分解温度都在２５０℃以下，因而有机酸对成矿元素的活化仅限于低温条件。本次研究还显示，判断一种岩石能否成为矿源层，不能简单的以其中成矿元素的含量高低作为标准，其中更关键的因素是元素在岩石中的存在形式，如果成矿元素在岩石中难以活化的形式存在，那么含量再高也无法提供成矿物质     

0.25—3.75GPa和20—370℃条件下0.025molNaCl溶液电导率研究

在０．２５－３．７５ＧＰａ和２０－３７０℃条件下测量了ＮａＣｌ溶液的电导率。结果表明（１）电导率随温度增高而增大，且电导率的对数与温度的倒数为线性关系，但不同压力不其斜率不同。（２）电导率与压力的 关系较为复杂，存在着不连续性。即在２．２５－３．３７ＧＰａ压力范围，电导率随压力增大而增大；在１．２５－２．００ＧＰａ压力范围，电导率与压力几乎无关；０．７５ＧＰａ压力的电导率高于相邻力的电导率。上述。     

Conductivity of NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25–500 °C

NaCI-H₂O is the most fundamental ternary system in geology. Until now, the measurements of electrical conductivity of NaCl solutions are still little at high pressures (> O.5 GPa) We measured the conductivity of 0.01 m NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25-500°C. The results are consistent with that of Quist and Marshall (1968) at 0.4 GPa. The conductivity of NaCl solution increases with increasing temperature. The results also show that the conductivity of NaCl solution changes little with increasing pressure below 1.5 GPa and changes rapidly with increasing pressure above 1.5 GPa. The rapid increase of the conductivity of NaCl solution may play an important role in many geological processes (such as the genesis of ore deposits under hydrothermal condition) and other fields. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.