材料表面性质对微生物附着行为的影响

利用荧光显微镜计数法,研究了微生物在4种不同材料表面的初始附着行为,对微生物附着进行了定量描述,初步获得以下结果:(1)不同材料表面,细菌的附着量呈现如下差异:316L不锈钢＞PVC＞玻璃,在有机硅材料(道康宁T2)表面的附着变动性很大;(2)同种材料表面,不同细菌的附着量也不同,表现为:Shewanella oneidensis MR-1菌株和Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1菌株均大于Escherichia coli JM 109菌株.并由此对其附着差异和影响因素进行了讨论.     

静压桩桩-土界面滑动摩擦机制研究

静压桩侧阻力的实质是桩-土之间的摩擦,但其机制研究并未使用目前成熟的摩擦学理论。系统地介绍了摩擦学中黏着摩擦机制和变形摩擦机制,进而利用其分析解释静压桩桩-土界面的滑动摩擦机制,并得到较好的效果,为桩侧摩阻力的研究提供了新的思路。研究结果表明,桩-土之间的干摩擦是外摩擦;沉桩过程中桩-土之间的滑动摩擦是泥浆润滑下的湿摩擦,从而使桩侧阻力远小于载荷试验时的桩侧阻力;沉桩停顿使压桩力急剧增大的主要原因是：泥浆润滑膜的消失使桩-土之间的摩擦从湿摩擦变为干摩擦;载荷试验在桩破坏前桩-土之间的摩擦是干摩擦;桩端附近桩侧阻力强化的主要原因是：桩端土的强度提高引起桩端附近切向力的增大,从而导致桩-土之间摩擦系数提高。     

海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)附着基异养细菌区系初探

从海湾扇贝附着基上分离出61株异养细菌，对其进行80项生理生化特征测定，以数值分类法进行分析。鉴定结果表明，海湾扇贝附着基上异养菌属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌(Aeromonas)、弧菌(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes)。扇贝幼虫附着前附着的细菌主要为芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌，扇贝幼虫附着后气单胞菌成为优势，弧菌数量明显增加，与假单胞菌数量相当。     

不同碳源对溶藻弧菌黏附相关表型的影响初探及Hfq对其的调控

为探讨不同碳源对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)黏附相关表型的影响及Hfq对其的调控作用,研究了D-葡萄糖、D-麦芽糖、D-海藻糖和D-果糖对溶藻弧菌ZJ-T野生株、hfq缺失株及回补株的运动性、菌落形态、鞭毛、胞外多糖及生物膜合成的影响。研究结果显示,4种碳源均使溶藻弧菌群集运动(swarmming)显著增强(P0.001),并受Hfq正调控;游动性(swimming)显著减弱(P0.01),但不受Hfq调控;菌落变得褶皱,并受Hfq负调控;4种碳源不影响溶藻弧菌鞭毛及胞外多糖合成,但D-果糖使其生物膜合成减少,并受Hfq负调控。实验分析表明:4种碳源可能通过调控溶藻弧菌黏性阻力及能量代谢来调控其运动性;并可能通过调控胞外多糖分子结构及理化性质影响其菌落形态;另外,D-果糖在调控生物膜形成过程中具有重要作用;因此,添加不同碳源会影响溶藻弧菌黏附相关表型,可能影响其致病性,但具体调控机制需进一步研究。     

Pseudo-dynamic evaluation of passive response on the back of a retaining wall supporting c-Φ backfill

The study presents a rational analytical approach to obtain the seismic passive response of an inclined retaining wall backfilled with horizontal c-Φ soil. Pseudo-dynamic analysis is carried out to obtain the seismic passive response. Here in this analysis, the critical wedge angle is a single one irrespective of weight, surcharge and cohesion and this fact satisfies the field situation in a more realistic manner. A planer failure surface is considered in the analysis. The effect of soil and wall friction angle, wall inclination, horizontal and vertical earthquake acceleration on the passive resistance and the variation of passive earth pressure along the height of the wall have been explored. A comparison to pseudo-static and other available methods have been made to highlight the non-linearity of seismic passive earth pressure distribution.     

Modes of pre-Ediacaran multicellularity

A multicellular grade of organization is widely distributed among extant organisms and widely represented in the pre-Ediacaran fossil record. A review of the pre-Ediacaran record identifies nine general categories of multicellular organization: (1) simple clonal colonies; (2) integrated coenobial colonies; (3) simple uniseriate filaments; (4) simple multiseriate filaments; (5) simple coenocytic filaments; (6) branched coenocytic filaments; (7) complex multicellular filaments; (8) complex multicellular vesicles; and (9) problematic macrofossils. A small subset of these fossils can be assigned to extant lineages based on taxonomically diagnostic patterns of cell division, including compelling evidence for chroococcacean, oscillatoriacean and pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria, bangiophycaceaen red algae and hydrodictaceaen green algae. The identification of pre-Ediacaran vaucheriaceaen xanthophyte algae and siphonocladalean green algae is almost as secure, whereas the case for early multicellular nostocalean/stigonematalean cyanobacteria and fungi requires further corroboration; a distinctively patterned acritarch is tentatively identified as an early Neoproterozoic poriferan. Despite this breadth of early multicellular experimentation, there is no evidence for organ-grade differentiation prior to the Ediacaran. Indeed, it is the absence of eumetazoans and embryophytes that distinguishes the pre-Ediacaran world from the fundamentally richer and more dynamic biosphere of the Phanerozoic.     

深海底质土-金属界面间黏附特性试验研究

基于取样于太平洋C-C矿区(Clarion-Clipperton Zone)的深海底质土,采用美国INSTRON公司生产的5943型万能材料试验机,选用4种常用的海洋金属,自制金属模具,开展黏附特性试验,研究孔隙比、法向压力和加载速度等因素对深海底质土与金属界面间黏附特性的影响规律。并基于平行圆盘分离力的计算公式,建立了深海底质土-金属界面表层土黏附指数的计算公式。研究结果表明：随着土样孔隙比的增加,黏附力呈增加的趋势,增速先快后慢,最终趋于平缓。随着法向压力的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数呈指数函数增加趋势。随着加载速度的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数反而呈逐渐减小的趋势。4种金属中,铝合金5052和钛合金STi80对深海底质土表层土的黏附能力较弱。该研究结果为我国深海采矿系统的安全运行提供一定的理论依据。     

Laboratory Tests on Shotcrete-Rock Joints in Direct Shear, Tension and Compression

Summary. A series of laboratory tests was performed on cemented shotcrete-rock joints to investigate the strength and stiffness of the interfaces, while simulating field conditions as close as possible. The direct shear test formed the core of the experimental work, while the tension and compression tests were complementary. To simulate loading conditions experienced in practical cases the direct shear tests were performed under fairly low normal stresses. In most practical cases when shotcrete is used with rock bolts, the normal load on shotcrete lining seldom exceeds 0.2 to 0.5 MPa. The direct shear test results show that, for such normal load range the shear strength is determined by the bond strength for genuinely bonded shotcrete-rock interfaces. For higher normal stresses (σ_n > 1.0 MPa), which rarely exist at the shotcrete-rock interface, the shear strength is largely influenced by friction resulting in the cohesive strength being less significant. Assessment of the shear surface revealed that the steel fibres in the shotcrete appeared to contribute significantly to the frictional component. The shear and normal stiffnesses of the interface were also determined, which were in principal the stiffnesses of the bond. An interesting observation was the complex interaction at the interface and the mechanisms that controlled the peak shear strength which depended on the surface roughness, the existence of natural flaws and the normal load.     

Air－CT扫描对CPA区蛛网膜粘连的诊治作用

本文报道了我院采用Ａｉｒ－ＣＴ扫描诊断３５例ＣＰＡ蛛网膜粘连并由此探索出一种较好治疗方法的经验。认为：Ａｉｒ－ＣＴ扫描是诊断ＣＰＡ区蛛网膜粘连最简便、可靠的方法。该检查不仅可明确有无粘连、粘连的程度、范围，还可了解该区神经血管的关系，同时对粘连起到一定的治疗作用．据Ａｉｒ－ＣＴ检查结果采用ＣＰＡ充气法辅以药物治疗对粘连能起到长期稳定的治疗效果，该治疗法还可重复进行．     

仿生非光滑螺旋钻头的设计及试验

将仿生非光滑理论应用于螺旋钻头设计上,以解决粘性土钻进中螺旋钻头阻力大、粘附严重的难题。加工的仿生非光滑螺旋钻头,经实钻试验表明,与常规螺旋钻头相比,前者脱土率提高了70％ ,钻机耗油量降低了53.3%,钻进效率提高70%,具有明显的脱附和减阻效果。从而,为大口径螺旋钻施工提供了一种新型钻具。