金刚石-cBN-硬质合金复合柱齿的理论分析

通过多种分析手段对所研制的金刚石-立方氮化硼(cBN) -硬质合金超硬复合柱齿进行了深入的研究分析, 得出了由于B的烧结促进和强化作用、Ni-P的活化烧结作用以及cBN加入, 大大提高了超硬复合柱齿的性能, 同时还分析指出, 在金刚石与基体合金之间存在过渡区, 该过渡区能有效地保护金刚石免受高温损伤, 另外, 该过渡区还大大增强了基体与金刚石之间的结合强度.      

Use of clay as a pozzolona in high strength Portland cement and its thermal activation

In this investigation local clay from Cherat mines, Nowshera District, NWFP, Pakistan, has been tested as a pozzolanic material in high strength Portland cement. Thermal treatments were performed as a means of activation of the clay. It was found that thermal treatment of the clay can increase its pozzolanic activity. Different blended mortars, containing different amounts of clay, activated at different temperatures were studied for compressive strength, consistency, and setting times. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of the blended cements were mainly governed by the percentage of incorporation of the calcined clay. Blended cement composition has been formulated, with optimal results of 20% calcined clay at a temperature of 600℃.     

Kinetics and Equilibrium Sorption Studies of 4-Nitrophenol on pyrolyzed and activated oil shale residue

Sorption of the organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by pyrolyzed and activated Jordanian oil-shale was studied. Pyrolyzed oil shale was prepared using a fluidized bed reactor at 520 °C in the presence of nitrogen. Physical activation was carried out by treating the pyrolyzed oil shale with CO₂ at 830 °C, while chemical activation was achieved by using KOH and ZnCl₂ as impregnating agents. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted to evaluate the sorption process. Effects of contact time, initial sorbate concentration, sorbent concentration, temperature, pH and inorganic salts (NaCl and KCl) on the sorption process by the different sorbents were considered. Chemically activated oil shale, pretreated with ZnCl₂, gave the highest uptake of 4-NP. The isotherm experimental data fit reasonably well to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Paterson models. Three kinetic models, namely the Morris-Weber, Lagergren, and Pseudo-Second-Order model (PSOM), were applied to represent the experimental results for both pyrolyzed and ZnCl₂-oil shale sorbents.     

坡缕石粘土的酸化机理及其影响因素

酸化生产活性坡缕石粘土,对于提高其品位和高效利用有重要意义。坡缕石粘土酸化机理及影响因素研究对其高效利用具有重要理论意义和实践价值。本文综述了酸化坡缕石粘土矿物组分、矿物学、比表面和孔道变化的特征以及酸化的主要影响因素等,并就坡缕石粘土酸化过程中存在的问题及研究方向做了简要论述。     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性能研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”的絮凝性能，通过改变废水初始pH值，调整废水中阳离子种类、阳离子浓度及改变发酵液的离心条件和投加体积，得出絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”的最佳絮凝条件为：废水pH值7.2-8.0；能较好促进絮凝的离子有Al^3 ,Ca^2 ,它们最适合的浓度为每升废水中加入0．75－1g/L；发酵液的投加体积为（0.075-0.080):1(体积比）；发酵液较好的离心条件为n=4000r/min,t=30min。通过不同废水絮凝效果试验表明，得出絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”具有很好的絮凝作用和脱色性能。     

水热条件下利用微波加热从粉煤灰合成沸石研究

着重选用NaOH水溶液为反应前驱物, 通过改变反应温度、NaOH浓度与合成时间等参数, 在水热条件下利用微波加热直接对粉煤灰进行晶化, 合成得到了浊沸石、菱沸石、NaP1沸石3种沸石.粉煤灰转化为沸石率约15%~40%.研究表明: (1) 反应体系在15min左右即有合成沸石产生, 30min左右合成沸石转化率达到最佳; (2) 为保证沸石晶核生成和晶体的生长, 反应体系的溶液/粉煤灰比不应低于2.5; (3) 在溶液/粉煤灰比为2.5时, 应控制加热时间在30min左右.      

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio determinations by both solution nebulisation MC‐ICP‐MS and laser ablation‐ICP‐MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA‐ICP‐MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis; however, it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro‐XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF.     

海南岛后地台造山-造盆模型:火成岩地球化学制约

海南岛自海西运动晚幕之后进入后地台活化或地洼阶段，并经历了晚海西-印支期挤压（碰撞）造山、地壳隆起和燕山期以来的块断型造山-造盆作用的过程。火成岩研究资料表明，海南岛地区在晚海西-印支运动期间曾形成一个具有加厚陆壳的后地台造山带；燕山晚期开始出现的裂陷作用是在仍有山根（约60km厚的陆壳）存在的条件下造山带拉伸塌陷阶段的产物；岩石圈底层剥离与地壳山根的去除并最终导致了海南及其邻区从大陆型壳体向陆缘扩张带型壳体的转化。     

东濮凹陷沙一段源岩的成烃动力学参数特征

运用成烃动力学原理对东濮凹陷沙一段源岩进行研究表明,沙一段源岩中的成烃有机质具有非均质性．沙一段目前正在生烃的活化能范围为90kJ／mol～110kJ／mol之间．对应的成熟生烃门限埋深约在2200m左右。该结果为评价沙一段源岩提供了基于动力学上的证据．同时对推进沙一段的油气勘探具有积极意义。     

西南天山大山口金矿床中石英40Ar-39Ar 快中子活化年龄及其意义

对新疆西南天山大山口金矿床中2个成矿阶段石英样品进行了40Ar-39Ar快中子活化测定,谱线特征均为马鞍型,其坪年龄为(207.16±0.85)～(212.59±0.68)Ma,最小视年龄为(205.54±6.56)～(210.78±6.79)Ma,等时线年龄为(205.67±1.68)～(212.43±2.42)Ma,三者均十分接近,说明所测2件石英样品的年龄值可信.坪年龄代表了含金石英脉的形成时代相当于印支晚期.西南天山一些典型金矿床的成矿作用也发生在此时期内.