多波束条带测深中的声线跟踪技术

在高精度水下声学定位中,常采用分层等梯度声线跟踪的方法对水下目标进行定位。但当声线入射角度过大时,该方法入射角的迭代解算会出现发散问题。首先,针对该问题产生的原因进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了一种新的入射角迭代方法,新方法采用曲率半径R代替Snell常数p进行迭代。利用500 m水深模拟数据进行了验证,结果表明：在声线入射角较小时（如不大于80°）,新方法和原方法的定位精度相当;在声线入射角度进一步增大时,新方法的定位效果优于原方法。     

渤海海峡及周边海域浅地层结构及地层声速的拾取

通过系统分析渤海海峡及周边海域的高分辨率浅地层剖面与3口钻孔的资料,将研究区地层自上而下划分为T0、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8共9个反射界面及SU11、SU12、SU13、SU2、SU3、SU41、SU42、SU43、SU5共9个声学地层单元,SU1地层单元对应全新世海相沉积,其底界为一海进侵蚀面,削蚀对应晚更新世晚玉木冰期陆相沉积的SU2地层单元。SU3地层单元对应晚更新世晚玉木间冰期的海相沉积,通过侵蚀间断面与上覆SU2呈不整合接触。SU41地层单元对应晚更新世早玉木冰期晚期的陆相沉积,SU42地层单元对应晚更新世早玉木亚间冰期的海相沉积,与上覆SU41呈侵蚀不整合接触,SU43地层单元对应晚更新世早玉木冰期早期的陆相沉积,其顶界面为海进侵蚀面,与下伏地层呈不整合接触,SU5对应晚更新世玉木—里斯间冰期的海相沉积。对比分析浅地层剖面地层单元与钻孔沉积地层,确定了研究区海底面之下不同地层单元对应的平均声学速度,为后续的地层层序的研究奠定了基础。研究区"海侵-海退-海侵-海退-高水位"的沉积过程,决定了地层平均声速随深度自下而上呈现由高-低-高-低的变化模式。     

砂岩Kaiser点信号识别特征研究

对岩石试件加载及破坏过程进行了声发射试验,根据参数分析法得到Kaiser点。采用FFT研究了Kaiser点信号的频谱特征。运用小波包分析方法,计算了Kaiser点信号的能谱系数。用混沌时序分析方法研究Kaiser点信号,运用关联积分法方法提取关联维数D,综合FNN法和互信息法得到合适的m、? 值重构相空间,计算Kaiser点信号的最大Lyapunov指数,研究声发射信号混沌动力特征。结果表明,Kaiser点信号具有混沌特征。     

Acoustic Ray Tracing Comparisons in the Context of Geodetic Precise off-shore Positioning Experiments

The GNSS-Acoustics (GNSS-A) method couples acoustics with GNSS to allow the precise localization of a seafloor reference in a global frame. This method can extend on-shore GNSS networks and allows the monitoring of hazardous oceanic tectonic phenomena. The goal of this study is to test the influence of both acoustics ray tracing techniques and spatial heterogeneities of acoustic wave speed on positioning accuracy. We test three different ray tracing methods: the eikonal method (3D sound speed field), the Snell-Descartes method (2D sound speed profile), and an equivalent sound speed method. We also compare the processing execution time. The eikonal method is compatible with the Snell-Descartes method (by up to 10 ppm in term of propagation time difference) but takes approximately a thousand times longer to run. We used the 3D eikonal ray tracing to characterize the influence of a lateral sound speed gradient on acoustic ray propagation and positioning accuracy. For a deep water (? 3,000 m) situation, frequent in subduction zones such as the Lesser Antilles, not accounting for lateral sound speed gradients can induce an error of up to 5 cm in the horizontal positioning of a seafloor transponder, even when the GNSS-A measurements are made over the barycenter of a seafloor transponder array.     

400 Hz矩形波连续音对鲤、草鱼音响驯化的试验研究

音响驯化技术被广泛应用于海洋牧场及淡水水域对鱼类行为的控制,但在采用何种频率和波形声音方面的研究积累尚少。试验室条件下,利用400 Hz矩形波连续音对鲤、草鱼进行了音响驯化试验。结果表明,鲤、草鱼的反应时间和聚集时间均逐日减少。平均反应时间分别为25.4 s和34.6 s,平均聚集时间分别为48.9 s和56.9 s;聚集率则逐日增加.驯化5 d后,鲤、草鱼的聚集率均达到100%,平均聚集率分别为89.7%和94.1%。由此可见.400 Hz矩形波连续音对鲤、草鱼均有明显的驯化作用。     

基于虚拟仪器的水下目标二维角估计

利用LabVIEW软件,通过8通道数据采集卡和均匀圆阵对水下目标的噪声进行采集和处理。结合一维直线阵波束形成理论,实现了对水下目标二维方向角估计实验研究和算法验证。实验证明利用虚拟仪器方便地实现了对水声信号的采集、处理,以及在方位估计时,为传感器布阵和算法的确定提供参考。     

参考声速剖面误差对主动式声呐定位影响仿真分析

参考声速剖面误差是制约水下定位精度最棘手的误差源.目前国际上主要存在声速剖面校正和传播时间校正这两类主动式声呐定位方法.本文提出了主动式声呐观测的信号传播时间追赶仿真算法,构建了带周期函数的经验正交函数声速场建模方法,实现了主动式声呐观测及水下定位海洋误差仿真,开展了声速剖面校正法和传播时间校正法两类定位模型对比分析.结果表明,虽然两种方法都具备良好的声速误差补偿效果,但两者仍存在毫米级差异;此外,海面测线构型优化有助于削弱参考声速误差影响.

     

Interaction of acoustic oscillations with an active region on the Sun

Based on MDI data, we constructed acoustic maps of the high-degree solar oscillations as they interacted with the active region NOAA 7978 using the acoustic imaging technique. We analyze the reconstructed power maps for the incoming and outgoing oscillations, as well as the phase-shift maps and the envelope-shift maps of wave packets in the frequency range 3.0–5.0 mHz. We perform a cross-correlation analysis of the time series for the acoustic oscillations before and after their interaction with the active region and analyze direct observational data. Our results point to a difference between the phase and envelope shifts. Thus, for example, the phase and group velocities of the oscillations increase as they pass through a sunspot, with the increase in group velocity being more significant. We found a phase-shift difference between the inward and outward propagating oscillations, ~0.4–0.5 min. This difference is interpreted as the effect of subsurface flow from the active region.