利用岩石物理分析及叠前反演技术解决致密砂岩气储层预测问题——以西湖凹陷A区块为例

针对西湖凹陷A区块花港组储层分布复杂,埋藏深、孔隙度小、渗透率低,在砂泥岩波阻抗直方图上,砂泥岩交叠而无法区分的现状,应用常规的振幅属性及波阻抗反演技术,无法预测该区有利储层的分布问题。摸索了一套基于岩石物理分析-叠前反演预测岩性、物性及含油气性一体化综合研究思路和方法,通过研究发现,该区Vp/Vs可以较好地区分砂泥岩,同时拉梅系数是识别气层的有效参数。较好地预测和刻画了花港组河道砂体的分布及含油气检测,并在实际应用中取得较好的预测效果。     

Study on Sound-Speed Dispersion in A Sandy Sediment at Frequency Ranges of 0.5-3 kHz and 90-170 kHz

In order to study the properties of sound-speed dispersion in a sandy sediment, the sound speed was measured both at high frequency (90-170 kHz) and low frequency (0.5-3 kHz) in laboratory environments. At high frequency, a sampling measurement was conducted with boiled and uncooked sand samples collected from the bottom of a large water tank. The sound speed was directly obtained through transmission measurement using single source and single hydrophone. At low frequency, an in situ measurement was conducted in the water tank, where the sandy sediment had been homogeneously paved at the bottom for a long time. The sound speed was indirectly inverted according to the traveling time of signals received by three buried hydrophones in the sandy sediment and the geometry in experiment. The results show that the mean sound speed is approximate 1710-1713 m/s with a weak positive gradient in the sand sample after being boiled (as a method to eliminate bubbles as much as possible) at high frequency, which agrees well with the predictions of Biot theory, the effective density fluid model (EDFM) and Buckingham''s theory. However, the sound speed in the uncooked sandy sediment obviously decreases (about 80%) both at high frequency and low frequency due to plenty of bubbles in existence. And the sound-speed dispersion performs a weak negative gradient at high frequency. Finally, a water-unsaturated Biot model is presented for trying to explain the decrease of sound speed in the sandy sediment with plenty of bubbles.     

时变多径水声信道的仿真研究

本文针对浅海水声信道的时变特性,基于射线理论引入海洋参数——强度起伏参数Φ、不均匀度参数A,建立有效的时变多径信道模型,并采用Matlab工具进行仿真．仿真结果表明,该模型相比于确定性模型更容易理解、更真实．文中给出的模型和结论能够为实际通信系统中发射接收机深度等的选择和设计提供一定的参考和依据,有助于对水声信道的了解．     

Interaction of acoustic oscillations with an active region on the Sun

Based on MDI data, we constructed acoustic maps of the high-degree solar oscillations as they interacted with the active region NOAA 7978 using the acoustic imaging technique. We analyze the reconstructed power maps for the incoming and outgoing oscillations, as well as the phase-shift maps and the envelope-shift maps of wave packets in the frequency range 3.0–5.0 mHz. We perform a cross-correlation analysis of the time series for the acoustic oscillations before and after their interaction with the active region and analyze direct observational data. Our results point to a difference between the phase and envelope shifts. Thus, for example, the phase and group velocities of the oscillations increase as they pass through a sunspot, with the increase in group velocity being more significant. We found a phase-shift difference between the inward and outward propagating oscillations, ~0.4–0.5 min. This difference is interpreted as the effect of subsurface flow from the active region.     

声学多普勒流速剖面仪原理及其在长江中下游的应用

介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADP)的原理及2002年5-6月在长江中下游的应用。测量采用走航方式,获得了重庆至江阴水域和徐六泾段流速剖面大范围观测资料,对测量结果和数据处理方法做了探讨,给在复杂地形的水文条件下使用ADP技术提供了应用前景。     

黄东海灾害地质类型及声学反射特征

高分辨率声学剖面资料是识别海洋灾害地质现象的有效手段。该文利用国家“12 6”专项调查在黄东海海域获得的各种声学剖面及历史资料 ,在黄东海海底及浅层识别出多种灾害地质类型 ,如潮成沙脊、沙波、古河道、断层、浅层气等。根据对它们的声学特征及成因机制的分析 ,作者认为 :潮流是黄东海海底表层灾害地质形成的主要动力因素 ;而浅层灾害地质因素以古河道、断层、浅层气等为主。     

蚀化磁特征研究

利用多个电流偶极子表示蚀化磁特征 ,给出了蚀化磁磁场的分析计算方法 ,讨论了海洋分层介质特性对蚀化磁特征的影响 ,探讨利用蚀化磁进行水下探测的可能性。采用电流偶极子模型进行蚀化磁磁场分析 ,计算方法简便 ,可用于工程磁场的实时预报     

A coastal acoustic tomography experiment in the Tokyo Bay

Eight sets of coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems were deployed during November 29 to December 10, 2002 at the coasts on both sides of Tokyo Bay to measure tidal current structures at 15-rain interval.Sound transmission across the Tokyo Bay (between Yokohama and Chiba)was successfillly traced,even under severe interference from ship generated wakes and bubbles.Tidal current fields changing from northward to southward flow are well reconstructed by the inverse analysis of travel-time difference data for a period with the best sound transmission condition. It is suggested that the CAT is the most powerful tool to continuously map tidal current fields in the coastal seas with heavy shipping traffic and fisheries activity.