营养盐对螺旋藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响

本文研究不同浓度的氮、磷和碳以及不同的氮源对螺旋藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响.结果表明改变营养盐的浓度对藻体TSFA和TPUFA均有较大影响，而对TMUFA无显著影响；氮源NaNO     

几种饵料浮游动物脂肪酸组成分析及营养效果评价

本文采用气相色谱分析法对海水鱼类育苗常用的4种饵料浮游动物的脂肪酸组成和含量进行了测定分析.结果表明卤虫无节幼虫、皱褶臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞和太平洋纺锤水蚤的粗脂肪含量分别占其体重的21.54％、9.70％、6.67％和4.66％.单不饱和脂肪酸的含量排序分别为蒙古裸腹溞＞纺锤水蚤＞轮虫＞卤虫；多不饱和脂肪酸含量则为卤虫＞裸腹溞＞轮虫＞纺锤水蚤.此外，太平洋纺锤水蚤尚含有C226(DHA)高不饱和脂肪酸，这在其它饵料生物中并未检出.卤虫无节幼虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成中，油酸(C181)、亚油酸(C182)和亚麻酸(C183)占有较大比例，而二十碳以上的不饱和脂肪酸含量很低.文中讨论了脂肪酸组成和含量与营养效果的关系.     

珊瑚荧光的古降水记录

珊瑚作为热带海洋气候环境的信息载体，不仅记录了过去海洋信息，也记录了陆源环境信息。Isdale于1984年在《Nature》杂志上发表论文阐明珊瑚的黄绿荧光记录了Burdekin河的径流量变化以后，国际上对珊瑚荧光的研究逐渐发展起来，并取得了不少成果。研究表明，利用珊瑚荧光所提供的信息，可以重现过去大陆沿海的降雨变化情况、干旱或洪涝的变化旋回及入海河流的径流量变化。这对研究并重建过去气候环境、预报未来的气候变化趋势有着重要的意义。本文评述了国外对珊瑚荧光的研究进展、报道了本实验室进行了初步工作，同时，对珊瑚荧光作为环境地球化学新的代用指标所潜在的应用前景进行了讨论。     

Age determination of marine sediments in the western North Pacific by as partic acid chronology

The ages of fossil planktonic foraminifera,Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, in sediments (core 3bPC) from the western North Pacific were determined by aspartic acid chronology, which uses the racemization reaction rate constant of aspartic acid (k_Asp). Aspartic acid racemization-based ages (Asp ages) ranged from 7,600 yrBP at the surface, to 307,000 yrBP at a depth of 352.9 cm in the sediments. This sediment core was also dated by the glacial-interglacial fluctuation of δ¹⁸O chronology, and the ages determined by both chronologies were compared. The ages derived from aspartic acid chronology and δ¹⁸O stratigraphy were more or less consistent, but there appeared to be some differences in age estimates between these two dating methods at some depths within the core. In the core top sediments, the likely cause for the age discrepancy could be the loss of the surface sediment during sampling of the core. At depths of 66.3 and 139 cm within the core, Asp ages indicated reduced sedimentation rates duringca. 60,000-80,000 yrBP andca. 140,000–190,000 yrBP. The maximum age differences in both chronologies are 33,000 yr and 46,600 yr during each of these periods. These anomalous reductions in sedimentation rates occurring during these periods could possibly be related to some geological events, such as an increased dissolution effect of the calcium carbonate in the western North Pacific. Another possible reason for these age differences could be the unreliability in δ¹⁸O ages of core 3bPC as they were estimated by δ¹⁸O ages of another core, 3aPC.     

膨化饲料中粗脂肪总量的测定

由于乙醚直接提取法不能完全提取膨化饲料中的脂肪，使粗脂肪的测定结果产生较大的偏低，故本文对酸水解-乙醚提取法进行方法探讨和对比实验.结果表明，酸水解-乙醚提取法测定膨化饲料中脂肪具有较高的准确性和精密度(S/X＜3％).本文方法适宜于膨化饲料中脂肪的测定，并建议用酸水解-乙醚提取法作为挤压膨化饲料中脂类测定的行业标准方法.     

臭氧处理海水对小球藻蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物含量的影响

要用臭氧处理的海洋小球藻，分析了不同生长期小球藻的蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物的含量。结果表明，一定剂量的臭氧处理海水不可提高小球藻的蛋白质含量，降低碳水化合物的含量，提高氨基酸的绝对含量，鱼类必需氨基酸占所氨基酸总量例变化不大。说明该处理有利于小球藻营养价值的提高。     

海洋桡足类氨基酸组成及与饵料和光照的关系

桡足类氨基酸含量受其饵料浮游植物的影响。同一种桡足类因采集地不同，氨基酸的总量也不相同；19种氨基酸重量百分比随不同桡足类而异，但是不同桡足类各种氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例除胱氨酸和牛磺酸的变化比较大以外，其它都基本相同；胱氨酸和牛磺酸的变化与总氨基酸不成正比。各海区不同植食性桡足类的氨基酸组成和海区浮游植物氨基酸的组成有着很好的相关性，相关系数R^2在0．85以上。桡足类胱氨酸占总氨基酸的比例与采样站海水1％光衰减深度有很好的相关关系，其回归方程为y=0．28091nx 0．131，R^2=0．6427，n=13；随海水1％光衰减深度的增加，胱氨酸的含量以对数形式递增。桡足类氨基酸与UV的关系有待进一步研究。     

The Increase of Biogenic Sulfate Aerosol and Particle Number in Marine Atmosphere over the Northwestern North Pacific

During a cruise aboard the R/V Hakuho-maru in the northwestern North Pacific in the summer of 1998 the particle number concentrations and the major ionic components of size fractionated aerosols were measured to investigate the aerosol produced by marine biological activity. Continuous low concentrations of nitrate (<1.8 nmol m⁻³), similar to the marine air background level, were found over the northwestern North Pacific (40–45°N) and the Sea of Okhotsk (44–45°N). Over the Sea of Okhotsk, a high concentration of chlorophyll-a (5.4 mg m⁻³) in seawater was observed, and atmospheric concentrations of non sea-salt (nss-) sulfate (44 nmol m⁻³), methane sulfonic acid (MSA) (1.8 nmol m⁻³) and particle number in the size range of 0.1 < D < 0.5 μm (199 cm⁻³) were found to be 9, 7, and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in the background marine air. The increase in particle number concentrations mainly in the size range of 0.2 < D < 0.3 μm was likely caused by the increase of biogenic sulfate over the high productive region of the Sea of Okhotsk. In humid air conditions (R.H. > 96%), the increased biogenic sulfate that condensed the large amount of water vapor would not have sufficient solute mass to activate as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) and would remain as aerosol particles in the marine air with frequent sea-fogs over the high productive region. Biogenic sulfate originating from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) would gradually grow into the CCN size and continuously supply a great number of CCN to the marine air in the northwestern North Pacific. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄河水中氨基酸对Cd(Ⅱ)与悬浮粒子相互作用等温线的影响

本文研究了黄河水中Ｃｄ＾２＋与悬浮粒子相互作用的等温线,以及精氨酸和酪氨酸对等温线的影响。得到的等温线具有一个“拐点”两个“平台”,属二级离子交换。用分级离子交换等温式求出吸附平稳常数Ｋ１和Ｋ２。当低浓度的氨基酸存在时,对Ｃｄ＾２＋与悬浮粒子的交换吸附起促进作用,促进作用的程度与近基酸的等电点有关,精氨酸的促进作用较酷氨酸大。     

台湾地区湖库水酸化之研究

本文旨在探讨酸雨对台湾地区湖泊、水库等自然水域酸化的影响程度。主要内容为建立水域酸化程度之资料，以及不ＰＨ值湖水中，铝离子释放的情形。