网箱养殖大黄鱼越冬期间脂肪酸的相对含量变化

利用气-质法(GC-MS)对越冬期间海水平均温度在20,16,12,10和8 ℃条件下的2龄大黄鱼肌肉和肝脏组织中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行分析,结果表明:随着海水水温的降低,机体会增加不饱和脂肪酸含量,尤其是EPA[C20:5(n-3)],EPA在肌肉中的含量从20 ℃时5.71%增至8 ℃时8.06%,在肝脏中从20 ℃时6.76%增至8 ℃时8.44%。由此可见,在越冬禁食条件下,大黄鱼机体通过自身的脂肪酸动态转化和代谢,减少饱和脂肪酸含量,而增加不饱和脂肪酸含量,以此增加膜的流动性,抵御寒冷。     

Physiological acclimation strategies of riparian plants to environment change in the delta of the Tarim River,China

The occurrence and development of riparian forests, which were mainly dominated by mesophytes species related closely with surface water. Since there was no water discharged to the lower reaches of Tarim River in the past three decade years, the riparian forests degrade severely. The groundwater table, the saline content of the groundwater, as well as the content of free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormones (abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins (CTK)) of the leaves and relative rates of sap flow of the Populus euphratica Oliv. (arbor species), Tamarix ramosissima Ldb. (bush species), and Apocynum venetum L. (herb species) were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the study area where five positions on a transect were fixed at 100 m intervals along a sampling direction from riverbank to the sand dunes before and after water release. The physiological responses and acclimation strategies of three species to variations in water and salinity stress were discussed. It was found that A. venetum population recovered to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −3.56 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L; P. euphratica appeared to be more sensitive to the elevation of groundwater table than the A. venetum and T. ramosissima at groundwater table ranging from −5.08 to −5.80 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 42.17 to 49.55 m mol/L. T. ramosissima tended to be the best candidate species for reclamation in this hyper-arid area because it responded to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −7.05 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L. These results explained the distribution patterns of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Understanding the relationships among ecological factors variables, physiological response and acclimation strategies of plant individuals could provide guidance to sustainable management, reclamation and development of this and similar regions.     

大庆长垣以西地区扶余油层次生孔隙预测

为了在普遍低孔、低渗的背景下寻找次生孔隙发育的储层,在次生孔隙形成机制分析和储层成岩作用研究的基础上,结合考虑影响次生孔隙形成的多种因素,对大庆长垣以西地区扶余油层次生孔隙发育区进行预测。研究表明,该地区次生孔隙的形成主要受青山口组下排有机酸和碳酸的影响,且受到断层的控制和超压的影响,次生孔隙主要分布在齐家地区和龙虎泡阶地等凹陷周边区域,在西部斜坡区亦发育由大气水淋滤所形成的次生孔隙。在次生孔隙发育区,若发育岩性圈闭或构造圈闭,则为有利的油气聚集场所。      

Culture and morphology of some New Zealand barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia)

The larval stages of the acorn barnacles Chamaesipho columna, Chamaesipho brunnea, Elminius plicatus, Elminius modestus, Balanus trigonus, and Tetraclita purpurascens are described from larvae reared in the laboratory. A key and a table are included for separating larval stages and species.

Skeletonema costatum appears to have a wide application as a food in the rearing of larvae of the Balanidae.

The two Chamaesipho species show typical chthamalid characters of hispid antennal setae and unilobed labrum. The similarity between the larvae of Elminius plicatus and Tetraclita purpurascens supports the classification of E. plicatus as a tetraclitid.     

Beneficiation and digestion of Georgia offshore phosphates

Abstract

The U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted beneficiation and digestion tests to evaluate the potential of recovering P₂O₅ from an apatite deposit located 10 nautical miles offshore Savannah, GA, in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). A 1.8 metric ton sample containing 1.0–1.5% P₂O₅ was obtained in a cooperative drilling project involving the Bureau of Mines, the Marine Minerals Technology Center‐Continental Shelf Division, the Minerals Management Service, and the Georgia Nonenergy Minerals Offshore Task Force. Beneficiation methods were evaluated with the goal of producing a 29–31% P₂O₅ concentrate with a CaO: P₂O₅ratio of less than 1.6: 1. These specifications were obtained using a combination of gravity separation and flotation. Comparative leaching tests conducted using EEZ, Idaho, and Florida phosphate concentrates showed that these EEZ phosphates behaved similarly to land‐based phosphates. The results suggest that as land‐based phosphate deposits are depleted, ocean phosphates represent a feasible alternate source.     

Limnology of Opal Lake

Opal Lake, a cold, acid lake on the central volcanic plateau of the North Island, New Zealand, had an average pH of 4.3 and was highly eutrophic. The biota was less diverse than in neighbouring near‐neutral waters. Macrophytes were rare; phytoplankton were mainly represented by the Chlorophyceae, and there were only 4 zooplankton species. The mean standing crop of macroinvertebrates was 6240 per square metre; this was higher than in other eutrophic lakes in the region and comprised more than 98% chironomid larvae represented by 4 species. Molluscs were absent. The fauna was more diverse than in more acid lakes of the .central volcanic plateau.     

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)珍珠钙代谢的周年性变化研究

采用生态调查和生理生化方法,对植片后的1龄三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)进行了为期一年的调查研究,拟探讨珍珠形成和钙代谢的相关性。定期测定珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径及水温,同时取其鳃、围心腔和外套膜组织进行酸、碱性磷酸酶活性检测及钙含量等测定。结果表明,1龄植片后的三角帆其蚌珍珠囊和珍珠在一周年之中出现三次快速生长期。外套膜中的酸、碱性磷酸酶均在165d时升至最高。鳃组织中钙含量显著高于围心腔和外套膜。经Pearson相关分析显示,珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径分别与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶活性及外套膜中的钙含量呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);同时,外套膜中的钙含量与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);水温与外套膜、围心腔中的钙含量呈显著性负相关(P<0.05),与三种组织中的酸性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。提示:鳃是三角帆蚌钙吸收、贮存和钙调节的重要器官,形成珍珠的钙一部分来源于循环系统,另一部分可由外套膜直接从环境中吸收,碱性磷酸酶对珍珠生长起着重要的调节作用。     

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量及其对生长状况的指示作用

采用荧光染色法对黄、东海春、秋季中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量进行了研究,初步探讨了RNA∶DNA比对中华哲水蚤生长状况的指示作用。结果表明,中华哲水蚤在饥饿培养24h后RNA∶DNA比值显著降低;雄性个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值显著低于雌体和C5期幼体;春、秋季(2009年5月和2010年11月)个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值存在显著的空间变化,两者最高值均出现在近岸;两个月份DNA含量相对稳定,在2.5—3.5μg/ind之间;个体RNA含量和RNA:DNA比值与叶绿素之间显著正相关,说明饵料是中华哲水蚤的生长过程中重要的影响因素。     

海洋细菌脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

以副溶血性弧菌VP-X-3为试验对象,利用气相色谱技术分析了其细胞脂肪酸的组成和含量,以色谱峰的数量、色谱峰高及脂肪酸含量作为评价指标,探讨了不同的皂化和甲酯化条件对细菌细胞脂肪酸测定结果的影响。结果表明:皂化和甲酯化条件都对细胞脂肪酸的组成和含量产生一定的影响。较低温度皂化处理利于增加色谱峰数量和色谱峰高。甲酯化温度过高容易破坏脂肪酸,尤其是长链脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的结构。高温甲酯化条件下,时间越长,甲酯化效果越差。试验得到较为理想的气相色谱前处理条件:2 mol/L NaOH-甲醇溶液2 mL,70℃水浴10 min;10%(V/V)H2SO4-甲醇溶液2 mL,70℃水浴15 min。此条件下的色谱峰的数量多达29种,色谱峰高明显高于其他处理条件下的峰高。