我国油页岩的成分和品级划分

根据我国21个油页岩产地,26个样品的分析数据,讨论了油页岩的含油率、灰分产率,灰分成分和密度等品级的划分,指出我国缺少高含油率页岩,提出中、低含油率油页岩的标准。并认为含油率在3.5~5.0%称含油页岩,含油率低于3.5%不应当作油页岩。油页岩灰分成分大多是硅铝质,因而灰熔点偏高。提出了油页岩灰分成分的分类表。指出我国油页岩的密度高于国外样品,原因是钙质成分含量较低。     

试用极轨气象卫星遥感监测土壤墒情

讨论了用极轨气象卫星资料监测表层土壤湿度的方法。在建立土壤湿度与卫星遥感资料的关系时，为了消除土壤条件的影响，把全省分为４个区域来研究。考虑了气候条件，植被状况不同的影响，并给出了简单的订正方法，同时也给出了卫星资料的重新地理校正，资料的输出及存储方法等。     

论山东东营、惠民盆地油田水与油气聚集关系

山东东营、惠民盆地的油源断裂,即沟通生油岩与非生油岩的同生断裂发育区,出现了油田水的高含盐度分布带。它不仅与已知油气藏的分布相一致,而且水的含盐度异常值与石油储量之间呈正相关。笔者以东辛、现河庄和临商油田为例,分析了油田水与油气藏形成的成因和伴生关系,还用相关曲线定量预测了盆地新区石油地质储量,并经钻探证实其可靠性。     

Biomarker distributions in asphaltenes and kerogens analysed by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Biomarker distributions in a suite of asphaltenes and kerogens have been analysed by flash pyrolysis directly coupled to a GCMS system. Attention has been focussed on biomarkers of the sterane and triterpane types. The sample suite under investigation consists of sediments with different kerogen types and some crude oils. Biomarker distributions in the pyrolysates have been compared with the “free” biomarkers in the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions.The analyses show significant differences between the distributions of the free biomarkers and those in the pyrolysates. The latter have lower amounts of steranes while diasteranes are absent or present at low concentrations only. In the triterpane traces a shift of maximum intensity from C₃₀ (free compounds) to C₂₇/C₂₉ is observed. Furthermore, the pyrolysates contain a set of triterpenes (not present among the free compounds), and there is a selective loss of “non-regular” triterpanes that are present in the saturated hydrocarbon fractions. The observed differences between pyrolysates and free hydrocarbons can be explained partly by the processes occurring during pyrolysis such as bond rupture and subsequent stabilisation of primary pyrolysis products. To a certain extent these differences also show that maturation processes occurring in sediments have effects on free biomarker molecules different from those on molecules that are enclosed in a macromolecular matrix (kerogen or asphaltenes).Differences between biomarker distributions of asphaltene and kerogen pyrolysates are relatively small. A comparison with the pyrolysates from extracted whole sediments suggests that these differences are mainly caused by interactions between the organic material and the mineral matrix during pyrolysis.Oil asphaltenes behave differently from sediment asphaltenes as their pyrolysates are more similar to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions, i.e. the differences described above are observed to a much smaller extent. This different behaviour appears to be the result of coprecipitation of a part of the maltene fraction with the oil asphaltenes.     

三点激振下人工地震增油技术试验研究

本文介绍一种新的现场试验方式：三点激振，研究了在不同类型起振机、不同形状振动基础条件下的人工地震增油技术，观察了增油效果。     

频谱成像技术在稠油热采地震监测中的应用

频谱成像技术可有效的描述地质反射层厚度的非连续性和岩性的非均质性,其在理论上主要是依据薄层反射的调谐原理,过去通常采用以离散傅里叶变换为基础的算法,但是,该方法存在着明显的局限性,因为估算的地震振幅谱的重要特征是所选时窗长度的函数.如果所选时窗过短,振幅谱会与变换窗函数褶积,失去频率的局部化特征,而且过短的时窗会使子波的旁瓣呈现为单一反射的假象.增加时窗长度,会改善频率的分辨率.但如果所选时窗过长,时窗内的多个反射会使振幅谱以槽痕为特征,很难分清单个反射的振幅谱特征.由于在实际运用中,以傅里叶变换相关的算法的时窗问题,难以选择好时窗长度,而且无法定量分析时窗长度产生的偏差,因而会使振幅谱的估算产生偏差.以小波变换为基础的时频分析技术成了非平稳性信号的重要分析工具,在很多实际应用中已取代了傅里叶变换的分析方法.以小波变换为基础的瞬时谱分析技术能得到精确的时频分析结果,同时避免了时窗问题.它反映出了储层在纵向上时间及厚度上变化情况和横向上的地质不连续性的信息,因此能使解释人员快速而有效地描述储层特征的空间变化.     

南山坪古油藏的形成及其破坏因素分析

南山坪古油藏以南山坪背斜(圈闭)为依托，油藏的形成、破坏与背斜(圈闭)的形成及演化息息相关。加里东晚期-海西早期的构造运动形成了南山坪背斜的雏形，与之对应的是最初的油藏形成；南山坪背斜在印支运动得到加强，形成构造圈闭，与之对应的是原油藏裂解生气及烃源岩进入生气阶段，形成气藏及部分沥青。之后的燕山运动Ⅱ幕使得南山坪背斜(圈闭)被褶皱和断层复杂化，形成由东南向北西的逆冲断裂，其上覆盖层抬升、剥蚀，原油藏彻底破坏，成为古油藏。分析认为，南山坪古油藏的破坏因素主要是印支期的热裂解和燕山运动Ⅱ幕的构造抬升、剥蚀，且后者更为主导因素。比较南山坪古油藏、余杭泰山古油藏及威远气藏，力图寻找其共性及差异性，从而为中国南方的油气勘探提供借鉴意义。     

油水层快速识别改进的CP网络方法初探

CP网络具有分类快速、准确等优点。文中详细介绍了CP网络的算法,并对其进行了部分改进,增加了误差检验和网络测试功能;使用VisualBasic6.0开发了相应仿真软件,并将其用于某油田的油、水层快速识别。实际应用表明:改进的CP网络训练周期短、识别准确率高,完全可以用于油、水层等的快速识别,具有广阔的应用前景。     

高精度重磁测量在油气勘探中的应用效果

在某工区进行了高精度重磁油气勘查,推断出断裂体系、密度界面和预测含油气古潜山,取得找油气突出效果,显示出重磁勘查具有的快速高效特点和有效性,对同类或相似地区的油气勘探工作有启迪和借鉴作用。