近断层地震动作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩的抗震性能

通过对满足规范延性要求的12根典型钢筋混凝土桥墩试件的线性和非线性地震反应分析，指出在近断层地震动作用下满足延性需求与延性能力比小于1.0的桥墩仍可能发生严重破坏和倒塌，若考虑桥墩的地震损伤性能，允许的延性需求与延性能力比不宜超过0.6-0.8。讨论了桥墩延性抗震设计中强度折减系数Rμ和设计基底剪力系数BSC取值问题。     

成都市多目标地球化学调查新增分析元素的特征

从成都平原多目标地球化学调查和深度、粒度试验的新增分析元素的含量特征、地球化学特征、相关关系及不同土壤中的含量,对各元素的地球化学特征进行探讨.C、Se、S、N、Cl 属浅层富集元素, Sc、Tl、Ge、I、Cs、Ta、Hf、稀土元素,特别是重稀土为深层富集元素.     

岩石化学元素丰度在地球化学块体研究中的意义

以Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、Hg、W、Sn、Mo、U、Cr、Ni、Co等14种成矿元素为例,利用中国东部不同构造单元的出露地壳和不同类型岩石的元素丰度阐明其在水系沉积物地球化学块体划分与研究中的意义.利用岩石元素丰度对地球化学块体进行研究,既可查明不同地球化学景观区水系沉积物地球化学块体的成因,又可为地球化学块体的研究对比提供条件.因此,应建立不同大地构造单元或不同地球化学景观区的岩石元素丰度并加强其与水系沉积物元素含量的对应关系的研究,这将会对地球化学块体的划分与推断解释提供重要的更加合理的依据.     

旱涝指数的研究

提出了一种新的区域旱涝指数及其旱涝标准的划分方法，并运用该指数对近50a（1951－2000年）来华北地区夏季旱涝进行了分析，通过与其他旱涝指数的比较分析，发现该指数能较合适地反映区域旱涝的程度和范围，且划分旱涝的标准较客观，具有一定的普适性。     

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).     

金在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的丰度

金在地壳，岩石和沉只物中的丰度一直是地球化学研究和金矿勘查中非常重要的参数。随着20世纪80年代金分析测试技术的突破性进展以及目前积累的大量可靠的金的分析数据，发现引用20世纪70年代前发表的有关金的地壳丰度和金在岩石，沉积物中的平均含量作为衡量标准已不适宜。根据近15年来发表的大量有关金在地壳，岩石和沉积物中含量的文献，结合作者在地壳与岩石研究中积累的金的大量可靠数据，综合给出金的地壳丰度为1.0ng/g，出露出壳丰度为0．8ng/g，金在岩石，火成岩，沉积岩和变质岩中的平均含量分别为0．9，0．6，1．0和1．0ng/g，金在中国水纱沉积物，泛滥平均沉积物，浅海沉积物和土壤中的平均含量分别为1．4，1．6，1．2和2．0ng/g。这种对金在地壳，岩石和沉积物中丰度值的新认识，对地球化学理论研究，勘查地球化学甚至金的矿产勘查工作都有重大意义。     

Evaluation of approaches for forest cover estimation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, using remote sensing

The transformation of land cover, in particular coniferous forest, constitutes one of the most notable agents of regional-to-global-scale environmental change. Remote sensing provides an excellent opportunity for providing forest cover information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. The optimal exploitation of remote sensing relies on the link between known forest cover and the remotely sensed dataset. This paper explores the accuracy of three methods – vegetation indices, regression analysis and neural networks – for estimating coniferous forest cover across the United States Pacific Northwest. All methods achieved a similar accuracy of forest cover estimation. However, in view of the benefits and limitations of each, the neural network approach is recommended for future consideration.     

气藏盖储层压力配置类型及与储量丰度的关系

通过研究气藏盖层排替压力与储层压力特征,对其盖储层压力配置类型及与储量丰度关系进行了研究,结论为盖高储低压配置类型最有利于天然气富集,其次是盖高储常压配置类型和盖较高储低压配置类型,其它配置类型较差.通过统计得到:我国46个大中型气田盖储层压力配置类型有4种,以盖高储高压配置类型最多,其次是盖高储弱高压配置类型,再次是盖高储常压配置类型,盖高储低压配置类型最少;我国46个大中型气田中低储量丰度的大中型气田个数最多,其次是高、中储量丰度的大中型气田,特低储量丰度的大中型气田个数最少.通过我国46个大中型气田盖储层压力配置类型与天然气储量丰度之间关系研究发现,盖储层压力配置类型为盖高储常压配置类型和盖高储高压配置类型最有利于形成高、中天然气储量丰度的大中型气田.     

应用空间技术研究干旱和半干旱地区由盐化作用造成的土地退化(英文)

This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1：250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps （ETM＋） were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index （NDSl） and Salinity Index （S.I.） were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data （GPS） for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 （72%） of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 （13%） had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 （10%） had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 （4%） of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization.     

近50年来松嫩平原西部土地利用变化及驱动力分析

在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,对松嫩平原西部土地利用方式、景观格局的动态变化进行定量研究。结果表明:过去近50年里,松嫩平原西部耕地净增加29.65×10⁴hm²,其中草地与湿地对耕地的增加贡献最大;草地减少70.29×10⁴ hm²,除部分草地转化为耕地外,退化为盐碱地、沙地也是草地大量减少的一个重要原因;松嫩平原西部现有沼泽湿地面积44.88×10⁴ hm²,近50年来减少62.54%。景观破碎化严重,不同土地利用类型间频繁转化,表明各种土地景观间存在不稳定因素,自然和人为因子在景观的转化中有不可忽略的作用,但人为因子的作用更显著。