浙江近海夜光藻的分布及其生态学特点

本文利用历次夜光藻调查资料，阐述了其在浙江近岸海域的分布特点，丰度高峰主要出现在春秋季，夏季亦存在暴发性增殖的可能性，冬季则基本见不到夜光藻的踪迹。杭州湾口等水体浑浊区是夜光藻的低丰度区，仅在春夏季有零星出现，这与水体透明度低、悬浮泥沙含量高及强烈的水动力因子等密切相关。在时间尺度上，夜光藻丰度呈上升趋势，根本原因是海域富营养化加剧的结果。     

胶州湾女姑山水域夏季赤潮高发期浮游植物群落结构特征

根据 1998年 5～ 8月夏季赤潮高发期间 ,胶州湾女姑山水域浮游植物群落结构的种群组成特征和演替变化对赤潮的发生和种群变动特点进行初步研究。结果表明 ,夏季女姑山水域的浮游植物主要由硅、甲藻组成 ,硅藻在细胞和物种丰度上都占优势。浮游植物优势种在调查期间出现明显的演替现象 ,水温的升高和营养条件的变化是引起物种演替的主要原因。浮游植物细胞丰度在夏季呈明显的增长趋势 ,从 5月份 6.3× 10 5个cell/m3 增至 8月份的 6.7× 10 6个cell/m3 ;其中 ,由于赤潮的爆发 ,细胞丰度的最高峰出现在 7月份 ,为 1.5× 10 7个 /m3 。在赤潮爆发期间 ,赤潮原因种高齿状藻和中肋骨条藻发生了明显的演替现象 ,不同细胞大小的优势种和营养条件的变化是发生物种演替的主要原因。叶绿素a的浓度和细胞丰度的变化共同反映了赤潮发生的全部过程。     

基于层次分析法的动态指标体系管理系统及其应用

层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),是从定性分析到定量分析综合集成的一种典型的系统工程方法。本文介绍了利用层次分析法的原理设计的一个动态的指标体系管理及指数计算输出系统,并介绍了基于这个系统的一个应用案例--农业现代化程度评价指标体系的构建及计算、输出过程。     

不同气候模态下西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度预测模型建立

秋刀鱼（Cololabis saira）资源对海洋环境因素极为敏感,不同气候模态可能对秋刀鱼资源丰度产生不同的影响。根据1990-2014年西北太平洋日本的秋刀鱼渔业中单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE,以此作为资源丰度）,以及相应产卵场、索饵场的海表温（SST）遥感数据,探讨太平洋年际震荡（PDO）指数冷、暖年下,秋刀鱼资源丰度CPUE变化与产卵场、索饵场SST的关系,并分别建立资源丰度的预测模型。研究表明,PDO冷年索饵场4月SST与年CPUE显著相关（P<0.05）,PDO暖年索饵场11月的SST与年标准化CPUE显著相关（P<0.05）。PDO冷、暖年的秋刀鱼资源丰度的预测模型中,CPUE均与索饵场11月的SST、索饵场4月SST呈现正相关的关系,统计学上为显著相关（P<0.05）。PDO冷年（2012年）和PDO暖年（2014年）的CPUE预测值与实际值相对误差分别为14.03%、-16.26%,具有较好的拟合效果。研究认为,不同气候模态下,可用于秋刀鱼资源丰度预测的环境因子不同,上述建立资源丰度模型可用于业务化运行。     

Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea: distribution, composition and resource considerations

Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements(REE) and yttrium(REY),with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10~(–6) to 2 919.4×10~(–6),with an average value of 1 459.5×10~(–6).Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE(LREE) and heavy REE(HREE) oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades: non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals.     

莱州湾和牟平近海夏季小型底栖生物群落组成及环境状况分析

为探究莱州湾和牟平近海小型底栖生物群落组成及影响因子,作者于2016年7月在这两个海域采集了沉积物样品,并结合沉积环境因子进行了小型底栖生物群落组成分析。结果表明,在莱州湾和牟平近海各仅检获了7个小型底栖生物类群,且莱州湾的小型底栖生物平均丰度和生物量均明显低于牟平近岸海域。莱州湾线虫和桡足类平均丰度分别占小型底栖生物的91.9%和6.3%,牟平近海分别占92.1%和4.2%。对两个海域小型底栖生物群落组成与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示:小型底栖生物丰度与底层水溶解氧含量呈显著正相关;表层小型底栖生物丰度比与沉积物中叶绿素a含量、脱镁叶绿素含量、沉积物有机质含量以及水深呈显著正相关,与中值粒径和底层水温度呈显著负相关。本研究显示,基于不同沉积物类型中的参考比值,线虫和桡足类丰度比值(N/C)可用于莱州湾和牟平近海沉积环境有机污染状况的评估。研究还发现,牟平海域的小型底栖生物丰度和生物量呈现由近岸向外海增加的异常趋势,且小型底栖生物的数量和类群多样性较十年前显著降低,显示沉积环境受到了明显干扰。     

深海沉积物分类与命名的参数指标和主成分分析

对于南海中部(118个表层沉积物样,水深82~4 420 m)、东部(106个表层沉积物样,水深700~4 508 m)海域的表层沉积物的粒度资料按小于200 m,200~2 000 m,大于2 000 m水深段对水深、平均粒径、黏土含量进行统计分析,结果表明从陆架到陆坡再到深海,平均粒径和黏土含量随水深增加呈非常有规律的变化;把大于2 000 m水深区域再细分为大于2 500 m,大于3 000 m,大于3 500 m,结果表明平均粒径和黏土含量随水深增加几乎无变化,在南海中部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径为3.39~3.54μm,黏土平均含量为54.91%~55.47%;在南海东部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径为3.25~3.37μm,黏土平均含量为53.91%~54.56%。研究表明2 000 m水深具有划分深海沉积物的指示意义。南海中部水深大于2 000 m海域黏土平均含量为55.19%,平均粒径为3.39μm;在南海东部水深大于2 000 m海域黏土平均含量为53.91%,平均粒径为3.37μm;在南海中部、东部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径均小于4μm,黏土平均含量均大于50%,表明深海沉积物粒度特征是平均粒径小于4μm和黏土平均含量大于50%。黏土含量是非生物组分的代表和划分深海沉积物类型的一个独立参数,钙质生物和硅质生物组分是另外两个独立参数。南海东部海域表层沉积物中55种元素总含量为47.50%,硅、铝、钛、钠、钾、磷、钙、镁、铁、锰十种主元素含量为47.03%,其他45种元素含量为0.47%,虽然沉积物来源复杂、成因不同,但沉积物化学主成分并不复杂,主要由前10种主元素和氧元素组成。沉积物主元素铝、钙、硅分别富集于黏土、钙质沉积、硅质沉积中。通过建立沉积物生源组分与碳酸钙、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅的量化关系,可把碳酸钙、生物二氧化硅作为钙质生物和硅质生物的两个替代参数。     

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(°C) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm-3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm-3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.     

高光谱遥感在农作物长势监测中的应用

该研究是加拿大Saskatchewan Scott农作物轮作系统(ACS)研究的一部分.研究始于1994年,历时18 a,评价9个可耕种农作物产量系统的可靠性.由3种处理水平(organic,reduced,high)和3种作物多样性水平(low,diversified annual grains,diversified annual perennials)结合而产生的9个农作物产量系统,被用于监测和评价加拿大牧场不同处理和不同作物种植轮作下可耕种农作物的产量.在2003年生长季共收集了3次叶面积指数和光谱反射率的数据:生长季前期(6月)、生长季旺盛期(7月)、生长季后期(8月).叶面积指数是由LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪监测的,光谱测量是由覆盖了350～2500 nm波长范围共2215个波段的ADS便携式高光谱仪完成的.结果显示,光学测量可以用于监测农作物生长状况的差异.从生长季的早期到中期,光谱和叶面积指数在不同处理下有显著差异.7月中期是用遥感资料监测农作物长势的最佳季节;红光波段与近红外波段反射率的比值和基于这两个波段构造的归一化植被指数,是检测农作物长势的最佳植被指数.     

Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes

To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m³ and 856 items/m³, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m² and 362 items/m², respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.