化学分析电子谱法分析经表面活性剂处理的李咀矿矸石粉

采用化学分析电子谱法（ＥＳＣＡ）分析了经司班－８０和吐温－８５处理的淮南李咀矿矸石粉。结果表明,处理剂与矸石粉表面之间存在着物理和化学的共同作用,处理剂分子在矸石粉表面有一定的取向作用。     

热解-金丝富集法冷原子吸收测汞仪测定生物样品中的痕量汞

生物样品经高温热解,汞及大量热解气体一同释出。以NaOH和Na2O2为吸附剂,消除酸性及还原性气体的干扰;以覆盖黄土,减缓燃烧过程,消除烟尘及气溶胶的干扰,利用金丝捕汞管吸附热解气体中的汞气,以此测定生物样品中的汞含量。方法快速、简便、使用性强,尤其适合地矿行业应用。     

悬浮进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定纳米氧化锆粉体中的微量铝

采用水介质直接分散纳米氧化锆粉体悬浮进样，以水标准溶液绘制校正曲线，石墨炉原子吸收法测定其中的微量Al。系统研究了Al的原子化和灰化行为，不同分散介质及基体元素对测定Al的影响，获得了测定Al的优化条件。方法对Al的检测限为0．5ng／g，Al的线性范围为0～2．5mg／L，基体ZrO2的质量浓度小于2g／L时，对Al的测定无干扰，悬浮进样直接测定的RSD(n=5)为6．0％。样品的测定结果与其他方法对比基本一致。     

Mechanisms of OH defect incorporation in naturally occurring,hydrothermally formed diopside and jadeite

The IR spectrum of an alpine, hydrothermally formed diopside containing 17 wt ppm H₂O consists of three main OH absorption bands centred at 3647, 3464 and 3359 cm⁻¹. Jadeite from a Californian vein occurrence is characterised by bands at 3616 and 3557 cm⁻¹ and contains about 197 wt ppm H₂O. Based on the pleochroic scheme of the OH absorption bands in diopside, OH defect incorporation models are derived on the basis of fully occupied cation sites and under the assumption of M1 and M2 site vacancies; OH defects replacing O2 oxygen atoms are most common. The less pronounced OH pleochroism and the broad band absorption pattern of jadeite indicate a high degree of OH defect disordering. The pleochroic scheme of the main absorption bands at 3616 and 3557 cm⁻¹ implies partial replacement of O2 oxygen atoms by OH dipoles pointing to vacant Si sites. Under the assumption of M1 and M2 site vacancies, O1–H and O2–H defects are also derivable. OH incorporation modes assuming Si-vacancies should be considered for jadeite-rich clinopyroxenes formed in deep crust and upper mantle regions.     

利用络合剂的增感作用原子吸收法测定矿石中高含量镱

用柠檬酸三钠-磺基水杨酸作为对链的火焰原子吸收光谱增感剂,增感倍数为40余倍,并可消除大部分共存元素的干扰。     

基于紫外-可见光吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱的腐殖酸光降解组分特征分析

湖泊生态系统作为自然界重要的碳库,光照强度的变化对于湖泊的碳循环过程可能产生重要的影响.以云南老君山高山湖泊天才湖周边土壤中的腐殖酸作为外源溶解性有机物（DOM）的代表物,通过腐殖酸模拟光降解实验,考察光照强度对外源DOM光降解过程的影响.研究结果表明：腐殖酸光吸收系数a₄₄₀、465 nm和665 nm波长处吸光度比值E₄/E₆的下降幅度均为：对照组 < 20 W光照组 < 40 W光照组,a₄₄₀、E₄/E₆和光谱斜率S_R显著相关,表明紫外辐射使得腐殖酸溶液浓度降低、相对分子量下降,且光照强度越强,腐殖酸的光降解程度越大.通过EEM-PARAFAC模型识别出光降解过程中腐殖酸溶液中含有5种荧光组分：UV类腐殖质（C1）、UVA类腐殖质（C2）、类色氨酸（C3）、UVC类腐殖质（C4）和类络氨酸（C5）.40 W光照组中4种荧光组分的降解程度与降解速率均大于20 W光照组,降解程度均为：C4 > C3 > C2 > C1,降解速率为C2 > C4 > C3 > C1,说明不同的荧光组分对光照强度的响应不同.该研究有助于阐明外源DOM的光降解途径与归趋.     

Quench rates in air, water, and liquid nitrogen, and inference of temperature in volcanic eruption columns

We apply a geospeedometer previously developed in this lab to investigate cooling rate profiles of rhyolitic samples initially held at 720–750°C and quenched in water, liquid nitrogen, and air. For quench of mm-size samples in liquid nitrogen and in air, the cooling rate is uniform and is controlled by heat transfer in the quench medium instead of heat conduction in the sample. The heat transfer coefficient in ‘static’ air decreases with increasing sample size. For quench of mm-size samples in water, heat transfer in water is rapid and the cooling rate is largely controlled by heat conduction in the sample. Our experimental results are roughly consistent with previous calculations for cooling in air and in water (although constant heat transfer coefficients were used in these calculations), but cooling rate in liquid nitrogen is only 1.8–2.3 times that in ‘static’ air, and slower by a factor of 2 than calculated by previous authors. Cooling rate in compressed airflow is about the same as that in liquid nitrogen. The experimental results are applied to interpret cooling rates of pyroclasts in ash beds of the most recent eruptions of the Mono Craters. Cooling rates of pyroclasts are inversely correlated with sample size and slower than those in air. The results indicate that the hydrous species concentrations of the pyroclasts were frozen in the eruption column, rather than inside ash beds or in flight in ambient air. From the cooling rates, we infer eruption column temperature in a region where and at a time when hydrous species concentrations in a pyroclast were locked in. The temperature ranges from 260 to 570°C for the most recent eruptions of Mono Craters. These are the first estimates of temperatures in volcanic eruption columns. The ability to estimate cooling rates and eruption column temperatures from eruptive products will provide constraints to dynamic models for the eruption columns.     

A further study of the method of identifying absorption line systems in QSO spectra

The method of identifying absorption line systems in QSO spectra (Cui et al. 1983; Chen et al. 1983) is further developed here. Certain limitations of the method and their improvements are discussed. Certain other problems requiring further study are pointed out. The improved method is applied to PKS 0528-250, and gives two new absorption line systems Z_a = 0.065 and 0.0345 in addition to the four systems Z_a = 2.8110, 2.8130, 2.5275, 2.1410, consistent with the systems A₁A₂, B, C of Norton et al. (1980). However, the systems D₁, D₂, E, F and G of Chen and Norton (1984) are not recovered. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed.     

Quantitative aspects of Mn-activated cathodoluminescence of natural and synthetic aragonite

The cathodoluminescence analyses of the trigonal carbonates calcite and dolomite have been applied intensively in sedimentary petrology for a long time and the properties of these minerals are well-known, but much less attention has been paid to aragonite. In this study, the cathodoluminescence behaviour and the trace element composition of natural and synthetic aragonite have been studied employing trace element analyses (proton induced X-ray emission) and luminescence spectroscopy. Aragonite doped with Mn²⁺ has been synthesized in a NH₄⁺–Mg²⁺–Ca²⁺–Cl⁻ solution in contact with a CO₂–H₂O–NH₃ atmosphere. The low effective distribution coefficients indicate a rapid growth of the crystals of millimetre size which occurred within hours or days. The natural aragonite samples contain Mn, Fe and Sr in different concentrations. The Mn-bearing aragonites exhibit a bright green luminescence which is caused by a strong emission band at 575 nm with a half-width of about 84 nm. The luminescence intensity shows a strong positive correlation with Mn in aragonite when Fe and Mn do not exceed 2000 p.p.m. The intensity is depressed if the concentration of these elements exceeds the critical values. In the shell of a recent Unio sp., the luminescence intensity deviates from the linear correlation, although the trace element contents are not too high; this is probably an effect of quenching by organic material between the crystallites of the biogenic aragonite.