海水黄色物质光吸收特性实验研究

实验测量了干样配制的不同浓度黄色物质水溶液、实验室藻类培养和胶州湾水域黄色物质水样的光吸收特性。测量结果表明，海水黄色物质光吸收系数与波长是单调变化关系，即不存在“波峰”和“波谷”；在蓝紫光波段，海水黄色物质光吸收比海水自身、海洋叶绿素和悬浮粒子光吸收大，它是海洋中对该波段光吸收起着主导作用的物质；海水黄色物质光吸收系数与波长呈指数函数关系，其指数斜率s数值范围分别为：胶州湾水域在0.0131-0.0180nm^-1，实验室配制、培养样品是在0.0105-0.0139nm^-1。该研究为海水黄色物质含量的遥感探测提供了基础性实验依据。     

三角褐指藻对汞吸收富集作用的研究——汞与浮游植物相互作用(Ⅱ)

采用连续培养方法,研究三角褐指藻对汞(HgCl_2)的吸附富集作用。结果表明,藻体对汞有较大的富集能力,加入培养瓶中的汞被藻体富集率在95％以上,富集因子的变化范围在3×10~4—2×10~5之间。三角褐指藻的吸附符合Freundlich吸附公式,其动力学过程是一级反应。并讨论了胶州湾水体中浮游植物与汞含量间的关系。     

珠江口颗粒物吸收系数与盐度及叶绿素a浓度的关系

海水中总颗粒物的吸收系数可表达成非藻类颗粒物与浮游植物的吸收系数之和，利用可定量测量的滤膜技术(QFT)测定水体中颗粒物光谱吸收系数。非藻类颗粒物的吸收系数随着波长的增大而减小，可用指数衰减规律来描述；光谱斜率S较离散，但平均值与文献报道的一类水体S的平均值很接近；光谱截距ad0(λ0)随盐度增大而减小，二者有很好的线性关系。浮游植物的比吸收系数和叶绿素a浓度之间存在非线性关系，但是，比吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度之间的非线性关系同时还与波长有关，在叶绿素a的2个吸收峰443nm和670nm附近非线性关系特别明显，而在530-640nm之间两者的非线性关系则较弱。     

Deterministic combination of numerical and physical coastal wave models

A deterministic combination of numerical and physical models for coastal waves is developed. In the combined model, a Boussinesq model MIKE 21 BW is applied for the numerical wave computations. A piston-type 2D or 3D wavemaker and the associated control system with active wave absorption provides the interface between the numerical and physical models. The link between numerical and physical models is given by an ad hoc unified wave generation theory which is devised in the study. This wave generation theory accounts for linear dispersion and shallow water non-linearity. Local wave phenomena (evanescent modes) near the wavemaker are taken into account. With this approach, the data transfer between the two models is thus on a deterministic level with detailed wave information transmitted along the wavemaker.     

Estimating soil zinc concentrations using reflectance spectroscopy

Soil contamination by heavy metals has been an increasingly severe threat to nature environment and human health. Efficiently investigation of contamination status is essential to soil protection and remediation. Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) has been regarded as an alternative for monitoring soil contamination by heavy metals. Generally, the entire VNIR spectral bands are employed to estimate heavy metal concentration, which lacks interpretability and requires much calculation. In this study, 74 soil samples were collected from Hunan Province, China and their reflectance spectra were used to estimate zinc (Zn) concentration in soil. Organic matter and clay minerals have strong adsorption for Zn in soil. Spectral bands associated with organic matter and clay minerals were used for estimation with genetic algorithm based partial least square regression (GA-PLSR). The entire VNIR spectral bands, the bands associated with organic matter and the bands associated with clay minerals were incorporated as comparisons. Root mean square error of prediction, residual prediction deviation, and coefficient of determination (R²) for the model developed using combined bands of organic matter and clay minerals were 329.65 mg kg⁻¹, 1.96 and 0.73, which is better than 341.88 mg kg⁻¹, 1.89 and 0.71 for the entire VNIR spectral bands, 492.65 mg kg⁻¹, 1.31 and 0.40 for the organic matter, and 430.26 mg kg⁻¹, 1.50 and 0.54 for the clay minerals. Additionally, in consideration of atmospheric water vapor absorption in field spectra measurement, combined bands of organic matter and absorption around 2200 nm were used for estimation and achieved high prediction accuracy with R² reached 0.640. The results indicate huge potential of soil reflectance spectroscopy in estimating Zn concentrations in soil.     

Experimental determination of HONO mass accommodation coefficients using two different techniques

The mass accommodation coefficient _HONO of gaseous nitrous acid on water surfaces has been determined in a cooperation between the Universities of Strasbourg and Bonn. The droplet train technique (Strasbourg) yielded 0.04<_HONO<0.09 for an estimated surface temperature of 245 K, while the liquid jet technique (Bonn) yielded 0.03<_HONO<0.15 for a surface temperature of 297 K. The uncertainty ranges allow for experimental scatter and estimated uncertainties in diffusion coefficients. The same HONO source and analytical equipment were used for both experiments, which were run in parallel. The results indicate that the exchange rate of HONO between atmospheric water droplets and interstitial air is not inhibited by interfacial resistance.     

中华乌塘鳢仔稚鱼的摄食习性与食物选择

本文在实验培养条件下,对中华鸟塘鳢仔稚鱼的食性进行了初步的研究6文中采用线性指标:Li=ri—Pi分析仔稚鱼对轮虫、卤虫和桡足类这3种饵料的选择性。结果表明,在东同的发育阶段对不同的饵料有明显的选择性。本文同时对仔稚鱼的开口时间、日摄食量、消化吸收率、口器效应等作了初步的研究。     

江蓠属藻胆蛋白的研究──Ⅰ 诱变、突变体筛选及藻胆蛋白的光谱特性

用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍（MNNG）对龙须菜配子体进行诱变处理，并筛选出色素突变体。又以真江蓠、细基江篱繁枝变型、龙须菜及其突变体为材料进行了藻胞蛋白的提取、纯化及藻胆蛋白光谱特性的研究。结果表明，江蓠属三个物种藻胆蛋白的含量有明显差异，龙须菜的野生型藻体与突变体之间藻胆蛋白含量的差异比不同物种之间的差异更为显著。江蓠属三个物种中藻胆蛋白的吸收光谱中以藻红蛋白（PE）变化最大：细基江蓠繁枝变型PE的吸收光谱有二峰一肩，属Ⅰ型R-PE，而真江蓠和龙须菜的PE的吸收光谱有三个峰，属Ⅱ型R－PE：龙须菜的不同突变型藻体的吸收光谱也有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型R－PE之分。不同物种藻蓝蛋白也有R－PC和C－PC的差异，异藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱及三种藻胆蛋白的荧光发射光谱也略有变化。并以光合进化的观点分析了本文的实验结果。