近红外分析提取蚀变信息及其找矿实践--以甘肃岗岔金矿为例

甘肃岗岔金矿位于秦岭造山带西段北侧之夏河—礼县成矿带西段,属构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床,目前探明储量已达中型。采用近红外矿物分析技术对矿区蚀变特征的研究结果表明,从远矿到近矿(矿体)存在3个明显特征:①远矿蚀变矿物组合主要为高岭石+地开石+蒙脱石±伊利石,近矿蚀变矿物组合主要为白云母+伊利石±次生石英;②1400 nm 结晶水特征吸收峰、1910 nm 吸附水特征吸收峰和2200 nm Al-OH 特征吸收峰均表现出由远矿至近矿峰型变浅的趋势;③普遍存在的蚀变矿物伊利石,在近矿位置其结晶度高,远矿位置结晶度低。上述分带特征对于进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

应用激光诱导离解光谱自由定标法测定黄金首饰成分初探

利用激光诱导离解光谱自由定标法对一系列高纯度黄金样品进行定量分析与研究,初步证明了将此方法应用于黄金首饰成分测定的可行性。采用波长1 064nm的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器激发黄金样品,波长范围为200～760nm的4CCD光纤光谱仪采集发射光谱,对Au元素质量分数范围为85.0%～99.6%的6件黄金标准样品进行激光诱导离解光谱测试。对所得黄金样品光谱中的Au,Cu,Ag三种元素分别选择合适的原子（离子）谱线代入自由定标法模型,通过所得参数拟合得到了所有元素原子（离子）的二维波尔兹曼平面曲线,并以此为基础进行元素的质量分数计算。激光诱导离解光谱自由定标法定量分析黄金样品中Au元素的质量分数与标准值的相对误差〈3%。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中铬铁矿电子探针波谱分析

铬铁矿是金伯利岩型金刚石矿床中主要的指示性矿物之一.准确分析出铬铁矿化学组分中FeO、MgO、Cr2O3、Al2O3、TiO2含量,不但对铬铁矿定名起决定性作用,对金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿也具有重要的指示意义.利用电子探针波谱技术对铬铁矿主量化学元素分析,通过所测样品微区化学成分含量推测矿物名称.25件单矿物样品微区化学成分分析结果统计显示：单矿物中主要化学成分FeO为15.666%~29.971%,MgO为7.286%~11.477%,Cr2O3为56.421%~71.111%;次要化学成分MnO为0.012%~0.382%,Al2O3为0.871%~8.993%,TiO2为0.074%~3.375%.矿物化学成分总量为99.117%~100.877%,单矿物化学成分与铬铁矿化学组分相当.根据矿物人工重砂鉴定特征及A、B离子占位情况,可以确定所测样品为镁铬铁矿.     

The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey – VIII. Absorption systems in the 10k catalogue

We examine the highest signal-to-noise ratio spectra from the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ) 10k release and identify over 100 new low-ionization heavy-element absorbers: damped Lyman α (DLA) candidates suitable for higher-resolution follow-up observations. These absorption systems map the spatial distribution of high- z metals in exactly the same volumes as the foreground 2QZ QSOs themselves sample and hence the 2QZ gives us the unique opportunity to compare directly the two tracers of large-scale structure. We examine the cross-correlation of the two populations to see how they are relatively clustered, and, by considering the colour of the QSOs, detect a small amount of dust in these metal systems.     

SHORT COMMUNICATION MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION IN UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY

A multivariate calibration procedure based on principal component analysis is proposed.UV-vis spectraof ternary mixtures have been used to check the applicability of the procedure.     

Time-domain dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction including the reservoir bottom absorption

In this paper, time-domain dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction is presented by coupling the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) in the infinite reservoir and foundation domain and the finite element method in the finite dam domain. An efficient coupling procedure is formulated by using the sub-structuring method. The effects of the reservoir bottom absorption are included in the formulations. Sharan's boundary condition for the far-end of the infinite fluid domain is implemented. To verify the proposed scheme, numerical examples are carried out by comparing with the available exact solutions and finite–finite element coupling results for the dam–reservoir interaction. A complete dam–reservoir–foundation interaction is also studied by including the bottom absorption effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probing the Universe with the Ly α forest — II. The column density distribution

I apply the well controlled hydro-PM (HPM) approximation of Gnedin &38; Hui to model the column density distribution of the Ly α forest for 25 different flat cosmological scenarios, including variants of the standard cold dark matter (CDM), tilted CDM, CDM with a cosmological constant, and cold + hot dark matter (CHDM) models. I show that, within the accuracy of the HPM approximation, the slope of the column density distribution reflects the degree of non-linearity of the cosmic gas distribution and is a function of the rms linear density fluctuation at the characteristic filtering scale only. The amplitude of the column density distribution, expressed as the value for the ionizing intensity, is derived as a function of the cosmological parameters (to about 40 per cent accuracy). The observational data are currently consistent with the value for the ionizing intensity being constant in the redshift interval z  ∼ −4.     

Experimental determination of HONO mass accommodation coefficients using two different techniques

The mass accommodation coefficient _HONO of gaseous nitrous acid on water surfaces has been determined in a cooperation between the Universities of Strasbourg and Bonn. The droplet train technique (Strasbourg) yielded 0.04<_HONO<0.09 for an estimated surface temperature of 245 K, while the liquid jet technique (Bonn) yielded 0.03<_HONO<0.15 for a surface temperature of 297 K. The uncertainty ranges allow for experimental scatter and estimated uncertainties in diffusion coefficients. The same HONO source and analytical equipment were used for both experiments, which were run in parallel. The results indicate that the exchange rate of HONO between atmospheric water droplets and interstitial air is not inhibited by interfacial resistance.     

基于包络线去除和偏最小二乘的土壤参数光谱反演

土壤有机碳的有效评估对全球碳循环和农业可持续发展具有重要作用。可见光-近红外光谱技术已广泛用于土壤有机碳含量的反演研究。然而,基于可见光-近红外光谱的土壤有机碳反演模型通常具有一定的区域局限性。本文基于湖北钟祥市和洪湖市两个区域的土壤光谱和有机碳量测数据(样本数分别为100和96),探究土壤有机碳反演模型在不同区域间的传递性。结果表明,钟祥市或洪湖市区域模型都不能用于另一个区域,但基于钟祥样本全集与洪湖区域30个土壤样本数据建立的模型对洪湖区域土壤有机碳含量有很好的预测效果(R²=0.88, RMSE=2.51 g·kg^-1)。尽管模型在不同区域间的传递性非常有限,但将少量目标区域样本添加到现有区域土壤光谱库中所建立的偏最小二乘回归模型能够估算目标区域土壤有机碳的含量,降低目标区域的采样和量测成本。     

云南来利山锡矿矿物学研究及氢氧同位素特征

在详细的野外调研及岩相学研究基础上,通过X射线粉晶衍射和红外光谱等测试手段,研究云南来利山锡矿不同成矿阶段石英和锡石的晶胞参数及红外光谱特征,解译石英和锡石的成因信息。研究表明,来利山锡矿热液成矿期可分为4个成矿阶段,即云母-黄铁矿-黄玉-粒状锡石阶段(Ⅰ)、云母-石英-黄铁矿-柱状锡石阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-黄铁矿-放射状锡石阶段(Ⅲ)和萤石-石英-黄铁矿-球粒状锡石阶段(Ⅳ)。从第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅳ阶段,石英晶胞参数中a0、c0、V0和c0/a0均有减小的趋势,石英轴变化率比值为0.773 07~3.496 88;石英红外光谱各吸收峰的吸光度有增大的趋势。推测第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段石英所含杂质以Al3+、Fe3+等置换杂质为主,第Ⅲ阶段较为复杂,可能存在置换杂质和填隙杂质两种类型,第Ⅳ阶段所含杂质以Na+、K+等填隙杂质为主。锡石晶胞参数中a0、c0和V0随着成矿阶段的演化先减小后增大,其中第Ⅱ阶段a0、c0和V0值最小。这与不同成矿阶段锡石中杂质元素总量的变化规律一致,反映了锡石的晶胞参数变化主要受混入晶格元素的影响,而温度对锡石晶胞参数的影响较小。锡石红外光谱特征在不同成矿阶段的基本相似,属于变形谱,反映了锡石-硫化物热液矿床的谱形特征。此外,石英氢氧同位素组成显示成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水混合物,推测初始成矿热液主要来自岩浆,随着热液演化,大气水沿构造裂隙混入到热液中,使热液的氢氧同位素组成向大气水一侧偏移。