On the small-scale clustering of the Lyα forest clouds

Recent measurements of the autocorrelation function of the Ly α clouds are analysed from the point of view of a simple model with strong clustering on the small scales. It is shown that this toy model reproduces fairly well the important linear relation between amplitude of the absorber autocorrelation function and neutral hydrogen column density. In addition, it predicts a correct evolutionary trend of correlation amplitudes. Some possible ramifications of these results are discussed.     

Broadening of QSO Lyα forest absorbers

We investigate the dependence of QSO Ly α absorption features on the temperature of the absorbing gas and on the amplitude of the underlying dark-matter fluctuations. We use high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations in cold dark matter dominated cosmological models. In models with a hotter intergalactic medium (IGM), the increased temperature enhances the pressure gradients between low- and high-density regions and this changes the spatial distribution and the velocity field of the gas. Combined with more thermal broadening, this leads to significantly wider absorption features in hotter models. Cosmological models with little small-scale power also have broader absorption features, because fluctuations on the scale of the Jeans length are still in the linear regime. Consequently, both the amplitude of dark-matter fluctuations on small scales and thermal smoothing affect the flux decrement distribution in a similar way. However, the b -parameter distribution of Voigt profile fits, obtained by deblending the absorption features into a sum of thermally broadened lines, is largely independent of the amount of small-scale power, but does depend strongly on the IGM temperature. The same is true for the two-point function of the flux and for the flux power spectrum on small scales. These three flux statistics are thus sensitive probes of the temperature of the IGM. We compare the values computed for our models and obtained from a HIRES spectrum of the quasar Q1422+231 and conclude that the IGM temperature at z ∼3.25 is fairly high, T ₀≳15 000 K. The flux decrement distribution of the observed spectrum is fitted well by that of a ΛCDM model with that temperature.     

Resolving Location Conflict with Standardized Space‐Cost Curves

Location analysis is concerned with the siting of facilities according to various cost criteria. Accessibility‐based cost criteria typically generate different optimal solutions (least‐cost location configurations) and location conflict arises. This paper outlines a new way to resolve such conflict–for single facilities sited in one‐dimensional space. Piecewise‐linear space‐cost curves for two well known criteria, efficiency and equality, are first transformed into standardized (Z‐score) curves. A family of hybrid space‐cost curves is then generated, where each member of the family reflects different fractional weights, w and 1‐w, being placed on efficiency and equality. Decision‐makers or users can assign these weights directly to the two criteria, thereby determining the most appropriate hybrid space‐cost curve used in resolving location conflict. This hybrid curve provides standardized, two‐criteria cost information for all possible facility locations.     

20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化

尝试采用DEA测评中国202个地级及其以上城市的效率,进而探索中国城市效率在1990~2000年间的时空变化,结果发现：目前中国城市效率较低,而且呈现与三大地带经济发展格局和城市行政等级相一致的空间格局。另外,进一步把城市效率分解为规模效率、利用效率和纯技术效率,发现中国城市的利用效率和纯技术效率普遍较高,但规模效率是影响中国城市效率空间格局和时空变化的主要因素;正是由于规模效率在1990~2000年的下降抵消了利用效率、纯技术效率上升所带来的影响,造成目前中国城市效率普遍较低。因此,从规模效率的角度看中国城市目前还具有很大的发展潜力。     

长春市城市扩展与土地利用效率研究

基于四期遥感影像数据(TM、ETM、WFV2)对城市建成区进行调查,研究1990年以来长春市的扩展情况,并结合统计年鉴资料,对长春市城市土地利用效率进行研究。结果表明:1990—2013年长春市建成区的面积持续增加,除东北方向之外,其他方向扩展明显;长春市的发展方式以外部扩张与内部填充发展交替进行,并且城市建成区形状简单,土地利用受城市规划影响较大,城市向着有序的方向发展,有利于城市土地利用效率的提高;1990—2012年城市土地利用效率虽有波动,但整体呈上升趋势。     

蓄能式液动潜孔锤的研究

蓄能式液动潜孔锤是一种反作用式潜孔锤,具有低能耗、小排量、大冲击功和高能量利用率的特点。以芯阀结构为例,介绍了蓄能式液动潜孔锤的结构特点及其工作原理,阐述了新型蓄能式液动潜孔锤的研制过程和技术优势,以及应用效果。指出了存在的问题和改进的建议。     

河北省古马铁矿深孔岩心钻探施工技术

河北省滦县古马铁矿矿区地层复杂,钻探存在坚硬打滑、漏失严重、构造发育（局部断层）的现象,在总结以往钻探施工经验的基础上,提出了千米以深钻孔复杂地层的钻探施工技术措施和钻探施工质量保证措施。从钻孔结构、冲洗液选取、钻探设备、钻具配置等方面入手,提出了解决坚硬“打滑”、破碎漏失及坍塌掉块地层的处理方法,优化了钻孔施工环境和广谱护壁剂、防塌堵漏剂以及聚丙烯酰胺冲洗液的配置,改善了复杂地层的深孔钻进环境,提高了钻探生产效率,保证了钻孔安全终孔。     

城市空间扩展非协调性识别的基础理论与实证分析

针对当前国内外现有城市空间扩展研究因数据和方法的制约而相对缺乏合理性评价以及伴随快速城镇化进程推进的我国城市空间扩展引发了一系列区域可持续发展问题的现实背景,试图基于逆向思维和问题诊断视角构建一座由非协调病理诊断通向协调发展道路的桥梁,从非协调性视角构建城市空间扩展合理性评价指标体系;内涵上具体表征为城市建设用地总量控制非协调性、城市建设用地与农用地、生态用地配比结构非协调性以及城市建设用地空间配置非协调性3个层面。并在此基础上,以2008年中国246个地级市为样本单元展开实证分析。期间从分区(经济区划)、分类(行政等级、道路交通、城市规模、城市属性、气候条件、地形条件等)的思维对其内在规律性进行了揭示、归纳与汇总。结果表明该识别体系较为合理,揭示结果与现实情况相吻合,可以作为认知城市空间扩展,缓解人多地少的基本国情和人地矛盾冲突,促进土地资源的集约高效、合理利用和区际公平可持续发展的理论依据。     

基于格网化邻域查询的海上船舶救援搜索方法

海洋渔业是高风险行业,各类海洋灾害频繁发生,海上航行、作业环境复杂,因此,海上快速救援对保护渔民的生命财产安全具有重要意义。本文基于空间剖分的格网化编码,提出一种根据有效救援距离和失事船舶位置进行邻域搜索以查找失事船只相邻和最邻近可供救援的船只的方法,其中有效救援距离通过救援船舶的类型和航速来设定,根据有效救援距离设置不同的编码搜索长度。本文将模拟实验区域设定为我国东海海域,随机生成1×10⁴个船位点,在时间检索效率和内存占用两方面,实验结果表明,与传统的船舶间距离的计算方法相比,基于格网化邻域搜索的查询方法编码后船位数据较编码转换前船位数据占用内存空间减少56.47%,同时,编码后检索运算的用户时间是编码前用户时间的17.67%,因此,基于格网化邻域搜索的查询方法占用内存小,且运算效率较高,能够有效提升对遇险船舶邻域救援船只的查询效率。