Phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs of different trophic status, Northeast China

The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton community structures of reservoirs of different trophic status, located in a cold region. Physical and chemical variables and the phytoplankton communities were investigated in two reservoirs (Xiquanyan Reservoir and Taoshan Reservoir) in Northeast China in 2009. The two reservoirs showed strong seasonal fluctuations in their physical and chemical composition. Results of the trophic status index indicated that Xiaquanyan Reservoir was mesotrophic, whilst Taoshan Reservoir was eutrophic. Diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton group in Xiquanyan Reservoir throughout all seasons of the study, while in Taoshan Reservoir, diatoms dominated in spring, and cyanobacteria dominated in summer and autumn. This difference was resulted from differences in local environmental factors, including nutrients and hydrology. This study suggests that in mesotrophic reservoirs, nutrients played a key role in controlling seasonal phytoplankton successions, whereas in eutrophic reservoirs water temperature was the key factor in a cold region. Notably, the dominant species in summer in the Taoshan Reservoir was Microcystis, which may produce toxins depending on the ambient conditions, and presenting a risk of local toxin contamination.     

Population parameters and dynamic pool models of commercial fishes in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea

Length-frequency data of eight commercial fish species in the Beibu Gulf (Golf of Tonkin), northern South China Sea, were collected during 2006-2007. Length-weight relationships and growth and mortality parameters were analyzed using FiSAT II software. Five species had isometric growth, two species had negative allometric growth, and one species had positive allometric growth. Overall, the exploitation rates of the eight species were lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999: for four species (Saurida tumbil, Saurida undosquamis, Argyrosomus macrocephalus, and Nemipterus virgatus) it was lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999, for two species (Parargyrops edita and Trichiurus haumela) it remained the same, and for the other two species (Trachurus japonicus and Decapterus maruadsi) it was higher in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999. The exploitation rates might have declined because of the decline in fishing intensity caused by high crude oil prices. The optimum exploitation rate, estimated using Beverton-Holt dynamic pool models, indicated that although fishes in the Beibu Gulf could sustain high exploitation rates, the under-size fishes at first capture resulted in low yields. To increase the yield per recruitment, it is more effective to increase the size at first capture than to control fishing effort.     

Functions and ecological status of eight Italian lagoons examined using biological traits analysis (BTA)

The soft-bottom communities of eight Italian lagoons were analyzed for eight biological traits (feeding, mobility, adult life habitat, body size, life span, reproductive technique, type of larva and reproductive frequency) in order to identify the dominant traits in different transitional environments. We considered the ecological quality status (EcoQS) of the stations, assessed by two biotic indices, AMBI and Bentix. Stations were categorized into EcoQS classes to investigate the relationship between biological functions and ecological quality. The results indicate that the variability of the data was governed by traits linked to resource utilization rather than to life cycle. Lagoons affected by chronic disturbance displayed a poor functional composition, which usually corresponded to poor EcoQS in some cases, correlations between ecological groups and traits modalities were ecologically relevant; however, classes of EcoQS were found to be relatively independent from the functional structure of the considered stations.     

全球海啸预警系统发展及其对我国的启示

20世纪以来频发的海啸灾害引起了国际社会的广泛关注,各沿海国家不仅加大了海啸预警建设、海啸灾害危险性和海啸基础理论研究方面的投入,更进一步加强了国际社会在应对海啸灾害方面的交流与合作。我国于1983年加入"太平洋海啸预警系统",经过30多年的努力,我国的海啸预警系统框架已基本搭建成型,但仍有许多需要改进和完善的地方。本文主要介绍了国内外和国际海啸预警系统的建设现状,指出当前我国海啸预警系统存在的问题,并就未来完善和提高给出粗浅建议。     

我国无居民海岛开发利用现状研究

我国无居民海岛开发利用最早起源于新石器时代,距今已有超过6000年的历史。无居民海岛在自然资源、领海基点、国防以及科学研究等方面都具备重要的价值,但其开发与利用的现状却不容乐观。尽管国家出台了一系列政策用以规范无居民海岛的开发利用,但总体上偏远区域无居民海岛开发无人问津,部分区域无居民海岛无序与无度开发利用的现象长期存在。因此,文章旨在通过文献综述,梳理我国无居民海岛使用的现状。主要内容包括:国内外无居民海岛开发利用主要研究现状,包含环境承载力、使用权属以及价值评估等方面;我国无居民海岛开发与保护的法律、政策支撑;我国无居民海岛开发利用的实践情况等。从而为无居民海岛的深入研究提供基础性资料,服务于无居民海岛的开发利用与综合管理。     

单颗粒碎屑矿物在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用*

单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰, 已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具, 并取得一定的应用成果。目前, 锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究, 并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置, 但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足; 因此, 目前对物源信息的释读难免片面, 物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善, 将可开展诸多深入研究, 如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究, 示踪研究物源区的时空变化; 通过建立多矿物定量研究模型, 进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状, 并展望其应用前景, 以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注, 进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。     

放养鱼类对乌梁素海浮游植物群落结构的影响

【目的】探讨放养鱼类对乌梁素海水生态的影响。【方法】2017年7月-2018年4月共设置6个采样点,分别对乌梁素海现存水草区与鱼类放养区水体表层浮游植物进行调查分析,并对两区域的营养状态与水质状况进行分析评价。【结果】调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门76属154种,其中现存水草区(142种)多于鱼类放养区(88种),现存水草区浮游植物种属组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,鱼类放养区为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。现存水草区平均多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)分别为4.29、4.23,明显高于鱼类放养区(2.46、2.30)。两区域浮游植物优势种共26种,其中现存水草区(24种)多于鱼类放养区(11种),现存水草区以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主要优势种,而鱼类放养区则以蓝藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物平均密度现存水草区(25.19×106 cell/L)显著低于鱼类放养区(275.79×106 cell/L)(P <0.05),而平均生物量现存水草区(13.34 mg/L)虽低于鱼类放养区(36.20 mg/L),但差异不显著(P> 0.05)。研究显示,现存水草区营养状态为中营养-轻度富营养,鱼类放养区为中度富营养-重度富营养;两区域水质均为中度污染到重度污染状态。【结论】与历史数据相比,现存水草区浮游植物群落表现为浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种转变为蓝藻为主。与现存水草区相比,鱼类放养区浮游植物群落因放养鲢、鳙的摄食导致浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种向可食性差、生长快的群体型蓝藻演替。     

滇西至滇西南地区近期中强地震前单台波速比变化特征研究

利用云南区域数字台网波形资料,采用单台多震和达法计算2011年以来滇西至滇西南地区M_S≥5.5地震前后的波速比,对震中距160 km范围内各台站波速比时间进程曲线变化特征进行动态跟踪分析。结果显示,5次地震前存在占比分别为56%、33%、16%、15%的低值异常、高值异常、低值-高值-低值、高值-正常的中期异常特征,还存在占比分别为41%、31%、28%的低值-高值回返、高值持续、低值持续3种短临异常特征。震区不同方位的波速比异常对比分析表明,2次盈江地震前,异常明显区域位于震源东南部,洱源地震前异常突出区域位于震源东北部,景谷地震前异常显著区域位于澜沧江断裂西北部的临沧地区。     

甘肃及附近地区断层形变异常特征的综合提取与震例总结

基于20世纪80年代以来的跨断层短水准资料,利用“点-线-面”相结合的研究方法,全面分析甘肃地区1990~2016年8次5.5级以上地震的震前应变背景、断层活动和短期形变异常的时空演化特征。结果显示,多个地震震前不同层面上出现如下典型的异常特征：1）地震往往发生在垂直形变累积率的高值区或差异显著的高梯度带上,震前出现有序的形变场分布;2）震前不同断裂带之间或断裂带的不同段之间常存在显著的运动差异,发震断裂震前中短期运动速率显著增强,造成区域运动的不均衡;3）随着强震的逼近,显著异常场地在空间分布上明显向近震区迁移和集中,或近震源区的一些跨断层场地异常强度逐渐增大。地震震前典型异常的时、空、强演化特征说明,断层运动失稳前,近震区附近断层活动、应力应变场均有一定程度的显现,地震发生前断层活动存在不同往常的失稳波动现象,应力出现向近震源区传递的特征。     

姑咱地震台张应变异常信号与修路施工间关系探讨

与2008年5月12日汶川MS 8.0地震时记录到的大量压应变异常信号不同,2013年4月芦山MS 7.0地震前后姑咱地震台钻孔应变仪记录到的却是显著张应变异常,特别是临震前几日信号大幅度突升,而该时段恰巧台站大门前进行修路施工,这究竟是地球物理异常还是干扰,一直有很大争议.研究发现,这些异常信号在时间上具有高度的准同...