三河-平谷8.0级地震区浅层三维密度结构反演研究

为研究三河-平谷地震区浅层构造背景、地震孕育机理及地震与构造的关系,利用高精度重力异常数据,采用基于块体生长模式的重力三维反演算法对地震区浅层三维密度结构进行反演,并通过模拟试算验证基于块体生长模式反演方法的有效性和稳定性。高精度布格重力异常显示,三河-平谷8.0级地震位于大兴重力局部高、三河-马坊重力局部高与大厂重力低之间的交汇过渡低值区域。研究区浅层三维密度结构反演结果表明,1679年三河-平谷M8.0地震明显受NE向夏垫断裂控制,断裂两侧密度差异明显且向下延伸约10 km,推测发震部位深约10 km。     

基于3S技术的矿产资源移动执法监察系统的设计与实现

针对矿产资源开采现状,提出了3S一体化的矿产资源移动执法的设计思想,探讨和分析了辽宁省矿产资源移动执法系统的系统架构与功能、工作流程,并对系统开发过程中的矿山违法信息提取关键技术进行了详细介绍。为矿产资源信息化管理提供了一种很好的借鉴模式。     

南海油气资源潜力及勘探现状

南海的油气资源极为丰富,享有“第二个波斯湾”的美誉.南海地貌类型多样,地形复杂,其战略位置极为重要,是东亚及相邻各国必经之路.资源之争,使得周边各国使出浑身解数,发展海洋经济与技术,1981年至2002年,越南就从南沙海域的油田中开采了1亿吨石油、15亿多立方米的天然气,获利250亿美元,南海石油已成为越南国民经济的第一大支柱产业.近半世纪中国南海油气勘探工作取得巨大的成就,发现了26个新生代盆地,取得了南海海域的基本石油地质成果,为南海的勘探开发奠定了基础.南海具有巨大的勘探空间及技术发展空间,每一次的技术进步,都会带来南海油气勘探的质的飞跃.     

2023年秋季我国气候异常特征及成因分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集和中国2400个站的气候观测数据,对2023年秋季我国气候异常特征及其成因进行分析。2023年秋季全国平均气温为1961年以来历史同期最高;全国平均降水量接近常年同期,但空间分布不均且季节内变化明显。秋季欧亚中高纬环流呈“两槽一脊”型,造成我国气温显著偏高;9月呈“两脊一槽”型,巴尔喀什湖低槽活动导致西北地区降水增多;10月呈“两槽一脊”型,导致北方地区偏暖加强;11月呈“西高东低”型,东路冷空气增强,东北地区气温偏低、降水偏多。西太平洋副热带高压总体较常年偏强、偏西,脊线9月异常偏北、10月偏南、11月接近常年。印缅槽9月显著偏强,10—11月接近常年。9月印缅槽偏强与副热带高压异常偏北共同导致了长江中下游以北至黄河下游地区多雨;10—11月东部地区水汽条件整体偏差。9—10月近海台风频繁活动,造成华南地区降水偏多。2023年秋季我国气候受到大气季节内变化的显著作用,热带海温异常的影响不典型。     

The abnormal mantle and deep tectonic process in the southern region of North China Plain

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Physical and chemical environments of abnormal vitrinite reflectance evolution in the sedimentary basins

Based on the tested data of pressure and vitrinite reflectance of some wells in sedimentary basins, abnormal high pressure is regarded as not the only factor to retard the increase of vitrinite reflectance (R _o). Apart from the types of the organic matter, the physical environment (temperature and pressure) and chemical environment (fluid composition and inorganic elements) will result in the abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in the sedimentary basins. This paper tested trace elements and vitrinite reflectance data from the the abnormal high pressure and normal pressure strata profiles, respectively, and found that the acidic and lower salinity starta are favorable for the increase of R _o. By discussing the corresponding relationship between the contents of some trace elements in the mudstone and the vitrinite reflectance values, the typical trace elements were found to suppress and/or catalyze the vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, while the elements of Ca, Mn, Sr, B, Ba and P may result in the retardation of R _o. However, elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Ni and Rb may catalyze the organic matter maturation. This study is conductive to the organic maturation correction, oil and gas assessment and thermal history reconstruction by the paleothermometry. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1760–1769 [译自: 地质学报]     

隆冬异常升温北疆积雪提前融化

2007年1月下旬中期开始,新疆北部地区出现了一次异常的升温天气过程,1月27日~2月4日的9d中,北疆各地的43个气象站中,有14站的日最高气温突破同期历史极值,其中伊犁河谷的新源的日最高气温上升到13.3℃,突破同期历史极值3.0℃;有19站的9天平均气温突破同期历史极值,占总站数的44.2%。1月下旬本是新疆北部的积雪稳定积累期,但是2007年元月下旬异常升温天气的出现和持续,使北疆地区积雪提前融化,到2月初,北疆的博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、伊犁地区、乌鲁木齐市等地的积雪面积明显减少,乌鲁木齐地区的积雪覆盖度仅为25.84%,比15年同期平均值偏少5成。冬季是新疆增温幅度最大的季节,在气候变暖背景下,冬季极端天气气候事件的出现也越来越频繁,隆冬季节的异常升温造成气温偏高,使北疆地区的积雪提前融化。这些变化将对新疆水资源的时空分布产生重大影响,对当地生态环境将带来难以估测的影响。在全球气候变化背景下,更加需要加强对新疆等干旱地区极端天气气候事件的监测分析及其对生态环境、经济社会发展的影响等诸多领域的研究,使社会各界以积极的态度来科学客观地认识气候变化带来的后果,及早提出应对区域气候变化的对策,采取切实可行的措施减缓气候变化带来的负面影响。     

Holocene development and anthropogenic disturbance of a shallow lake system in Central Ireland recorded by diatoms

Three cores from two connected lakes in Central Ireland (Lough Kinale and Derragh Lough) were investigated using diatom analysis to establish the Holocene development of the lacustrine system, any local variations within the lakes and any anthropogenic influences. The study area was situated in a lowland location and the lakes were shallow, unstratified and interconnected. Litho-and bio-stratigraphical analyses of the lake cores and deposits beneath a mire separating the two lakes showed the changing spatial configuration of the lake system in the early Holocene and the separation of the initial lake into three basins (cf. lacustrine cells) and finally into two interlinked lakes. The evolution of the lake system is conceptualised as the development of distinct lacustrine cells, and its sediments have recorded changes in the physical (geography, depth and sedimentation) and chemical (water chemistry) properties of the lakes inferred through diatom analyses. The longest sequence, from the early Holocene, records fluctuating lake levels and these are correlated with geomorphological mapping and surveying of palaeoshorelines. The diatom assemblages of the upper 2 m of the three cores, covering approximately the last 2000–3000 radiocarbon years show considerable difference in trophic status and life-form categories. This is related to the location of the cores in the lake and also the distance from human settlement with particular reference to proximity to crannog (artificial island) construction and use. The most central core from the deepest part of Lough Kinale has the least representation of the human settlement and agricultural activity in the catchment and on the fringes of the lake, whereas the core taken from the edge of a crannog is able to identify when construction and use of the crannog occurred. The local nature of the palaeoecological response to human activity due to incomplete water mixing has the advantage of allowing the lake sediment cores to be used to determine spatially discrete settlement patterns.     

国内氢氧化镁阻燃剂的研究现状

综述了国内氢氧化镁阻燃剂的合成、表面改性及其应用,主要论述了近20年来国内在氢氧化镁阻燃剂研发方面取得的成果及发展方向,简单概述氢氧化镁阻燃剂的发展前景。