氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)基因在海带中的表达

于１９９４年１２月－１９９５年４月,在山东荣城海带育苗场采集海带幼孢子体,用基因枪法将氯氯素乙酰转移酶基因导入海幼孢子体中,４８ｈ后检测到瞬间表达,转化后恢复培养一周,以致死剂量氯霉素筛选,两周后对照组全部死亡,转化组７５株海带中有１１株存活,转化三个月后经ＣＡＴ酶联免疫（ＣＡＴＥＬＩＳＡ）分析,在１１株存活海带中有２株检测到ＣＡＴ基因的表达,结果初步证明了ＣＡＴ基因是海带基因工程的有效选择标记,     

鲍藻混养模式的构建及其效益分析

在福建省莆田市平海湾海区,利用现有海藻(海带)养殖设施,进行海藻与皱纹盘鲍和黑鲍混养。经150 d试验,皱纹盘鲍和黑鲍生长率分别为221.02%和187.70%,成活率都为94.00%,与室内单养、海区筏式单养无显著差异(P<0.05)。而3种模式鲍投入产出比分别为1∶1.84,1∶2.92,1∶1.41,即每万粒鲍鱼养殖可节约成本近万元。同时,鲍和海藻处在海洋生态系统的不同生态位,互利共生,促进海洋生态系统物质良性循环。     

褐藻酸降解菌的生长条件及其对海带的生理效应

为更好地了解海带病烂的发生机制,针对褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌（Altermonas espejiana）菌株A1的生长及产酶条件进行了初步研究,并用不同浓度的菌液对健康海带进行了感染试验,测定了其体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,该菌株生长和产酶的最适条件为：20℃,0．5％～0．6％褐藻酸钠,pH=7,5,氮源为（NH4）2S04,培养时间72h。此外,感染菌株A1后,海带体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量均增加,且随着感染菌液浓度的升高,海带体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高,而可溶性糖含量先升高后降低。     

褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带过程中活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化

本文以褐藻酸降解菌为病原体研究褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带的小孢子体不同时期体内的活性氧——超氧负离子自由基 (O-·2 )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)和抗坏血酸 (ASA)等的变化。实验结果表明 :海带活性氧 (O-·2 )含量在褐藻酸降解菌感染初期表现为升高 ,随后表现为下降。并且 ,随着褐藻酸降解菌侵染浓度的升高 ,活性氧 (O-·2 )含量呈现上升趋势 ,推测活性氧 (O-·2 )是海带抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的有效防御手段之一。SOD,CAT,ASA在感染的初期起着积极的抵抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的作用 ;APX在褐藻酸降解菌感染的前期没有发挥其抗感染的作用 ,而是在后期显示出了一定的抗感染作用。此结果可为海带病害的机理及幼苗集约化培养过程中病害的防治提供科学的依据。     

Temporal dynamics of subtidal Zostera marina and intertidal Zostera japonica on the southern coast of Korea

The temporal dynamics of two seagrass species, Zostera marina and Z. japonica, were monitored monthly in Dadae Bay, Geoje Island, on the southern coast of Korea. Plant morphological characteristics, shoot density, biomass, leaf production, reproductive effort, and environmental characteristics were monitored from July 2001 to July 2002. Zostera japonica occurred in the intertidal zone and Z. marina occurred in the subtidal zone from 0.5 to 2.5 m below the mean low water level. Shoots and rhizomes were significantly larger in Z. marina than in Z. japonica, whereas the shoot density was greater in Z. japonica than in Z. marina. Despite differences in morphology and shoot density, biomass did not differ significantly between the species. Reproduction occurred from April to June in Z. marina and from May to July in Z. japonica. The proportion of reproductive shoots was approximately three times higher in Z. marina than in Z. japonica. Seasonal variation in the biomass of Z. japonica was caused by changes in both shoot size and density, whereas that of Z. marina was mainly caused by changes in shoot length. Leaf production in Z. marina and Z. japonica showed clear seasonal variation, and leaf production in Z. marina (2.6 ± 0.2 g DW·m⁻²·day⁻¹) was higher than that in Z. japonica (1.7 ± 0.2 g DW·m⁻²·day⁻¹). The mean plastochrone interval was not significantly different between the two species, whereas the leaf lifetime of Z. marina was longer (69 ± 7.8 days) than that of Z. japonica (59 ± 8.3 days). Our results indicated that seasonal leaf growth patterns in Z. japonica are correlated with irradiance and temperature, whereas those in Z. marina respond most to irradiance. Seasonal changes in irradiance appeared to control the temporal variation in above‐ground biomass in both species.     

长门岩岛植物群落中的山茶现状和恢复措施

报告青岛市长门岩岛植物群落中的山茶现状。指出在我国分布最北边缘的常绿阔叶植物天然山茶，因人为破坏已濒临绝境。建议成立山茶自然保护区，并提出恢复山茶植物群落的措施。     

海带,裙带菜过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶酶谱的比较研究

本文研究、比较了海带(Laminaria japonica),裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifido(Harv.))的过氧化物酶活性,并对分析过氧化物酶同工酶的各种方法进行了比较。海带叶片内从基部到顶部过氧化物酶活性逐渐升高,固着器内酶活性高于叶片任何部位。裙带菜中,孢子叶、茎、叶片之间酶活性无相关性。三部分中,孢子叶过氧化物酶活性最高,茎中酶活性从基部到顶部逐渐升高,叶片中则逐渐下降。海带中过氧化物酶活性比裙带菜平均高出四至五倍。同工酶分析中,比较了三种提取酶液的方法,以真空抽滤方法最佳;比较了四种染色方法,以Vitc——联苯胺方法、醋酸联苯胺方法较理想;比较了不同的材料处理后同工酶分析结果,冰冻处理与新鲜的材料效果最好,用海水室内培养后效果较差。     

孤雌生殖海带对草丁膦的敏感性

于1999年4－7月，以孤雌生殖海带为材料，运用统计学方法研究其对草丁膦的敏感性，以期得到一定剂量和时间范围内草丁膦对不同长度孤雌生殖海带的半数致死剂量（LD50）。结果表明，孤雌海带在0．5－1．6cm长度范围内，草丁膦的半数致死剂量与海带的长度不相关，而与草丁膦的剂量和作用时间相关。孤雌生殖海带对草丁膦比对氯霉素和潮霉素更为敏感。提示，bar基因有可能成为海带基因工程更为理想的选择标记基因。     

Differences in seasonality and temperature dependency of stand transpiration and canopy conductance between Japanese cypress (Hinoki) and Japanese cedar (Sugi) in a plantation

In this paper, we present an investigation of interspecies differences in transpiration of the 2 most common plantation forest tree species in Japan, both in the family Cupressaceae with different northern limits of native distribution, Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). The stem sap flow rate was measured in 2 nearby stands of similar leaf area index in a 42‐year‐old plantation. Single‐tree and stand‐scale transpiration rates (E_tre and E_sta, respectively) were observed during an ideal autumn environment. At the stand scale, mean sap flux density of Hinoki was greater than that of Sugi, whereas total sapwood area per ground area was smaller in Hinoki than Sugi. Because the 2 variables had counterbalancing effects on transpiration, E_sta of Hinoki was similar to (94% of) that of Sugi. This offset was also found between the mean E_tre of the 2 species. E_sta was similar between the stands from May to October, whereas E_sta of Sugi was notably greater than that of Hinoki from February to April. During these 3 months, the difference in cumulative E_sta was 21.7 mm, which accounted for 79% of the difference in annual E_sta between Hinoki and Sugi (192 and 219 mm/year, respectively). We found that canopy conductance (G_c) and its sensitivity to the mean vapour pressure deficit during daylight hours in Sugi were particularly high in early spring, whereas those in Hinoki shifted gradually throughout the growing season. This difference was related to the optimal temperature of G_c in Sugi, which was approximately 10 °C lower than that in Hinoki. Our results suggest that plantations of water‐conserving species such as Hinoki produce timber slowly but yield water resources generously. Moreover, for plantations of trees sensitive to high temperature, such as Sugi, managers should be concerned about possible future decline caused by anticipated global warming.     

长江中下游地区湖北钉螺线粒体CO I基因遗传变异研究

从长江中、下游的江苏省丹徒区和邗江区、浙江省平湖市、湖北省武昌区、江西省余干县和彭泽县、安徽省安庆市和贵池区等5个血吸虫病流行省8个点现场采集湖北钉螺样本,提取基因组DNA、PCR特异性扩增线粒体DNA细胞色素c氧化酶亚单位1（COI）基因,用ClustalX 1．81软件进行多序列比对,MEGA4．0软件中的Kimu...