基于MRPs无陀螺卫星姿态确定的抗差估计算法

针对精确航天器姿态问题,采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,分别基于等价协方差和观测残差统计特性的协方差调整方法,实现UKF算法的抗差效果,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在含有粗差的情况下,两种抗差UKF算法均能得到稳定的状态估计值,而第二种方法计算效率更高。     

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pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

基于谱间特征与比值型指数的水体影像识别分析

根据杨存建等人发现LandsatTM影像水体具有TM₂+TM₃>TM₄+TM₅的特征,本文以2000年福州市Landsat-TM为例,分析了水体及其他几类主要地物的光谱特性在影像中的表现特征,发现除水体外,居民地的影像以及山体影像也都具有TM₂+TM₃>TM₄+TM₅(即(TM₂+TM₃)/(TM₄+TM₅)>1)的特征,但是三者(TM₂+TM₃)/(TM₄+TM₅)的比值却存在着较大的差异,所以辅以适合的阈值(水体(TM₂+TM₃)/(TM₄+TM₅)>2.0,TM₂>40)可以将水体信息区别于其他背景地物。将该方法在含不同水体类型的福州市Landsat-TM遥感影像上进行实验,表明其可以将水体与全部居民地的阴影和山体阴影有效区分开来;同时可用于快速、简便和准确地提取城市和山区中的湿地水体信息,解决水体提取中难于消除居民地阴影与山体阴影的难题。     

复方新诺明在罗氏沼虾中的药代动力学和组织分布

研究了单剂量肌肉注射给药[甲氧苄氨嘧啶(SMZ)0 60 mg/kg]、口灌给药[磺胺甲基异噁唑(SMZ)100 mg/kg]和复方口灌给药(SMZ 100 mg/kg和TMP 20 mg/kg)三种给药方式下,SMZ和TMP在罗氏沼虾中的代谢动力学,分析了SMZ和TMP血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺中的分布特征。结果表明,SMZ以肌肉注射方式给药后的血淋巴中,药物经时浓度曲线符合二室开放房室模型,而SMZ&TMP口灌给药后却不能用房室模型拟合。肌注给药后,SMZ的消除半衰期(t1/2β)为24.92 h,单方和复方口灌给药后SMZ的消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为40.70和47.197 h。复方口灌给药后TMP的消除半衰期(t1/2β)为28.77 h,TMP对SMZ的药代动力学并无显著影响。口灌给药后,SMZ和TMP在肝胰腺中的药物浓度高于同时间肌肉中的药物浓度,但肌肉和肝胰腺中的SMZ消除速度基本一致。     

Managing Soil Erosion Potential by Integrating Digital Elevation Models with the Southern China＇s Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation——A Case Study for the West Lake Scenic Spots Area of Hangzhou, China

In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.     

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Assimilation of ASAR data with a hydrologic and semi-empirical backscattering coupled model to estimate soil moisture

The most promising approach for studying soil moisture is the assimilation of observation data and computational modeling.However,there is much uncertainty in the assimilation process,which affects the assimilation results.This research developed a one-dimensional soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)and Genetic Algorithm(GA).A two-dimensional hydrologic model-Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model(DHSVM)was coupled with a semi-empirical backscattering model(Oh).The Advanced Synthetic Apertture Radar(ASAR)data were assimilated with this coupled model and the field observation data were used to validate this scheme in the soil moisture assimilation experiment.In order to improve the assimilation results,a cost function was set up based on the distance between the simulated backscattering coefficient from the coupled model and the observed backscattering coefficient from ASAR.The EnKF and GA were used to re-initialize and re-parameterize the simulation process,respectively.The assimilation results were compared with the free-run simulations from hydrologic model and the field observation data.The results obtained indicate that this assimilation scheme is practical and it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation significantly.     

混合访问控制模型在测绘应用系统中的应用

本文在分析测绘系统开发与应用中测绘数据的复杂性,以及大部分测绘系统都包含业务流程等特点的基础上,除了RBAC模型的角色授权外,加入了任务对操作进行授权,对RBAC模型进行了有效的扩展,使其更具通用性.该方法有效解决了传统的RBAC模型在测绘系统应用中存在的弊端,对其他应用系统建设同样具有理论指导.     

金矿床的热液流体特征研究

通过对中国东部金成矿区域地质特征的分析,根据氢氧同位素及流体包裹体数据特征,表明中国东部金矿床成矿流体主要来自大气降水,其次为变质作用过程释放的水和岩浆分异水;成矿金属组分主要来自太古宙变质岩系。