永暑礁海区潮汐海流特征分析

将永暑礁水域1992年逐时潮位和1993年5月-2002年5月各航次的海流及2002年海面逐时风等观测资料进行统计和分析,讨论该岛礁水域潮汐和海流变化特征并对综合极值海流进行初步估算。结果表明,该岛礁水域全日分潮大于半日分潮,潮汐性质属不正规日潮,最大可能潮差较大。春季该岛礁水域实测海流变化较大;最大流速75cm／s。潮流性质为不正规日潮流,随水深的增加日潮流的性质有所减弱;主要日分潮流多作顺时针方向旋转,主要半日潮流则作反时针方向旋转。春季余流较稳定,速度在10cm／s左右,流向多为偏S-SW向。初步探讨了表层不同方位上综合极值海流的分布,不同方位上综合极值海流相差较大,NE、SSW方位上综合极值海流占份量较显著,显示出季风海流的特征。     

The limitations of diversity metrics in directing global marine conservation

Biodiversity hotspots have been used extensively in setting conservation priorities for marine ecosystems. A recent Nature publication claims to have uncovered new latitudinal gradients in the evenness of reef communities and new reef hotspots based on functional diversity. Simulation models show that the purported evenness gradient is a mathematical inevitability of differences in species richness and detectability between vastly different marine ecosystems, namely ‘reefs’ in tropical, temperate, and polar regions. Constraints on evenness, along with disparity amongst communities in possible functional traits, cast doubt on the utility of global functional diversity comparisons for management of marine systems.     

贵州三叠纪板庚滩地质遗迹资源的保护与开发

地质遗迹资源不仅在地学中具有重要的科学研究价值,而且由于其独特的自然美特征,对于促进和发展旅游业来说,是既有文化内涵、又有观赏价值的重要旅游资源。贵州板庚滩保存了大量三叠纪物种大灭绝和生命重新复苏的地质历史遗迹,是全球保存最好、研究程度最高的三叠纪孤立碳酸盐岩台地——“大贵州滩”的核心区域。本文在深入研究的基础上提出：在申报贵州三叠纪世界地质公园的基础上,实行政府主导型发展模式,制定《“板庚滩”旅游发展规划》,指导“板庚滩”地质遗迹资源的保护与开发利用,以科学研究为基础打造“板庚滩”的世界名片和科学文化内涵;整理和发掘少数民族文化以提升“板庚滩”的人文内涵;开发以“板庚滩”奇石和石材工艺品为主的特色旅游产品;以科学文化和人文内涵为灵魂,围绕新农村建设开辟集科普、民俗、休闲于一体的专门旅游线路;发掘少数民族特色饮食,发展民居式旅馆,发挥牛车、马车等传统交通方式的优势和特色,使“板庚滩”成为不可复制的精品旅游点,推进贵州旅游产业升级以促进贵州少数民族地区更好更快的发展。     

Developing a long-term outlook for the Great Barrier Reef,Australia: A framework for adaptive management reporting underpinning an ecosystem-based management approach

The Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2009 was the first produced in response to a newly legislated requirement for five-yearly reports on the status of and outlook for the Great Barrier Reef. It adopted an ecosystem approach, assessing all habitats and species, ecosystem processes and major uses. By then considering the factors affecting the ecosystem, coupled with an assessment of management effectiveness, it provided a risk-based forward-looking projection for the ecosystem. Rarely has such a comprehensive, ecosystem-based report been produced to guide government action. With no pre-determined path to follow for interpreting the legislative requirements, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) developed a repeatable structure and method for Great Barrier Reef Outlook Reports that impartially and consistently considers the evidence and clearly presents the findings. The GBRMPA worked closely with relevant Australian and Queensland Government agencies as well as researchers, industry representatives and the community while developing the report. That such a report must be produced every five years allows an overview of the effectiveness of management responses to be regularly assessed. It also provides a transparent means of highlighting and tracking emerging risks facing the Great Barrier Reef.     

Modeling of nonlinear wave propagation over fringing reefs

The applicability of existing nonlinear (triad) spectral models for steep slopes (0.1–0.2) characteristic of reef environments was investigated, using both deterministic (phase-resolving) and stochastic (phased-averaged) formulations. Model performance was tested using laboratory observations of unidirectional wave transformation over steep and smooth bathymetry profiles. The models, developed for mild slopes, were implemented with minimal modifications (the inclusion of breaking parametrizations and linear steep-slope corrections) required by laboratory data. The deterministic model produced typically more accurate predictions than the stochastic one, but the phase averaged formulation proved fast enough to allow for an inverse modeling search for the optimal breaking parametrization. The effects of the additional assumptions of the stochastic approach resulted in a slower than observed evolution of the infragravity band. Despite the challenge posed by the fast wave evolution and energetic breaking characteristic to the steep reef slopes, both formulations performed overall well, and should be considered as good provisional candidates for use in numerical investigation of wave–current interaction processes on steep reefs.     

一张相图引发的奇迹——论活动论构造—古地理

构造-古地理在地学基础研究与能源矿产勘查中具有重要的指导意义,国内外学者与勘探家进行了长期卓有成效的探索。本文以四川盆地东北部二叠、三叠系礁滩天然气勘探为例,探讨了沉积相图在油气勘探发现中的重要作用,以及活动论思想在相图编制中的指导意义。结果表明,40余年对四川盆地晚二叠世-早三叠世沉积相的研究,引发了长兴组生物礁、飞仙关组鲕滩天然气勘探的突破与普光、龙岗、元坝等大气田的持续发现,相图的创新与发展带来了油气田大发现的奇迹;将盆地与周缘造山带相结合,探索晚二叠世-早三叠世的原型盆地,表明四川盆地内部及周缘在该时期内构造-古地理环境发生了巨大变迁,台地边缘是礁、滩发育的有利场所,台地内凹陷则是烃源岩分布的有利地区;对沉积盆地的复位与复原有助于矿产资源的预测。新一轮活动论"构造-古地理"研究将基于海量地质调查与油、气、煤勘探等资料,大数据时代下的活动论古地理重建必将带来地学的进步与资源勘查的系列发现。     

Cross‐shelf colour zonation in northern Great Barrier Reef lagoon surficial sediments

A cross‐shelf colour zonation is observed in Great Barrier Reef lagoon surficial sediments from 12 to 18°S, with colours tending to lighten from inner to outer shelf. The phenomenon is particularly well defined south of Cairns where four zones occur. The colour zonation appears to reflect the abrupt facies changes that occur in the lagoon. Visual estimates of relative optical lightness for the zones are strongly related to carbonate content, and lightness class boundaries broadly follow carbonate contours, indicating that the mechanisms leading to the colour zones are related to those governing carbonate distribution.     

Geological interpretation of the Cootamundra gravity high,New South Wales

An intense Bouguer anomaly ‘high’ of about 30 milligals amplitude has been delineated to the east of Cootamundra, New South Wales. It is correlated with a north‐trending belt of basic metamorphic rocks of probable Upper Silurian age. The subsurface shape of the belt is deduced by qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques applied to the gravity data; it is inferred that the boundary on the western side is near‐vertical, while that on the eastern side is believed to have been overthrust by the Middle Devonian Young Granite. It appears also that there are no horizontal density variations below a depth of 6–7 km, implying that the base of the Young Granite lies at about this depth.     

Late Holocene island reef development on the inner zone of the northern Great Barrier Reef: insights from Low Isles Reef

A sedimentological and stratigraphic study of Low Isles Reef off northern Queensland, Australia was carried out to improve understanding of factors that have governed Late Holocene carbonate deposition and reef development on the inner to middle shelf of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Low Isles Reef is one of 46 low wooded island-reefs unique to the northern Great Barrier Reef, which are situated in areas that lie in reach of river flood plumes and where inter-reef sediments are dominated by terrigenous mud. Radiocarbon ages from surface and subsurface sediment samples indicate that Low Isles Reef began to form at ca 3000 y BP, several thousand years after the Holocene sea-level stillstand, and reached sea-level soon after (within ～500 years). Maximum reef productivity, marked by the development of mature reef flats that contributed sediment to a central lagoon, was restricted to a narrow window of time, between 3000 and 2000 y BP. This interval corresponds to: (i) a fall in relative sea-level, from ～1 m above present at ca 5500 y BP to the current datum between 3000 and 2000 y BP; and (ii) a regional climate transition from pluvial (wetter) to the more arid conditions of today. The most recent stage of development (ca 2000–0 y BP) is characterised by extremely low rates of carbonate production and a dominance of destructive reef processes, namely storm-driven remobilisation of reef-top sediments and transport of broken coral debris from the reef front and margins to the reef top. Results of the present study enhance existing models of reef development for the Great Barrier Reef that are based on regional variations in reef-surface morphology and highlight the role of climate in controlling the timing and regional distribution of carbonate production in this classic mixed carbonate–siliciclastic environment.