全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1406篇 |
免费 | 324篇 |
国内免费 | 162篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 65篇 |
大气科学 | 118篇 |
地球物理 | 550篇 |
地质学 | 591篇 |
海洋学 | 293篇 |
天文学 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
自然地理 | 215篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 76篇 |
2019年 | 72篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 75篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 111篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 81篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 87篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 73篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 44篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1892条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
981.
The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, a globally well-known hydraulic engineering project, is significant for the Chengdu Plain. In recent years, due to water supply scarcity in the Chengdu Plain and increasing flood disasters in the Min River, the Moertan Reservoir was constructed to alleviate these pressures. The construction resulted in a mid-reach embankment along the Min River that forced channel narrowing and triggered changes in channel morphology, flow and bedload transport. This study utilised field measurements coupled with physical and numerical models to simulate the resulting characteristics of flow, bedload transport and topographic change for different flood frequencies in the Dujiangyan reach following emplacement of the Moertan Reservoir. The results indicated that following extensive hydraulic regulation, the flow-bedload transport characteristics and morphodynamics exhibited similar behaviours across different flood frequencies. The presence of a mid-channel gravel-cobble shoal (GCS) divided the flow into multiple branches, with the right branch systematically dominating flow and bedload transport across all flood frequencies. Further downstream, the Fish Mouth Levee effectively diverted nearly equal amounts of flow through the Inner and Outer rivers. In contrast, approximately 20% and 80% of the bedload was transported through the Inner and Outer rivers, respectively. The findings were beneficial in providing a reference for the flood season management of the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project and the maintenance of associated hydraulic engineering projects. 相似文献
982.
BARTLOMIEJ WYZGA 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(8):749-763
Alterations in flood flows of the Raba River are examined to determine the influence exerted on flood waves by changing morphological conditions. With stable vertical channel position, the river increased its sinuosity during the 1920s to 1940s, and the change was accompanied by a growing tendency to flood-wave attenuation. The temporal change in flood-wave transformation is typical of a developing low-flow system. Subsequently, streambed degradation has been induced due to channnelization works which straightened and narrowed the river. Flood waves became progressively more flashy as channel incision progressed. The increase in magnitude of flood waves passing the deepened reach was greatest for bankfull flows and diminished for lower in-bank flows and higher overbank flows. The tendency to magnification of peak discharges has been also found in other Carpathian rivers which were considerably degraded in the 20th century in response to channelization. Introducing an empirically found correcting factor into the analysis of the ratio of outflow to inflow peak discharges shows how the conditions of peak-flow transformation in a reach have changed since the beginning of the study period. A marked coincidence between changes in vertical channel location and variations in the ‘corrected’ peak-discharge ratio proves channel changes to be a very important reason for the growing flood hazard in southern Poland. Gradient oversteepening and channel narrowing, caused by channelization, lead to formation of a river system having a steep, straight, narrow and deep channel. Such a morphology distinguishes the system from natural low-flow and high-flow systems. Reduced floodplain water storage and self-acceleration of flow concentrated in a channel zone make flood waves progressively more flashy on their way down the channelization-formed system. 相似文献
983.
984.
Stratigraphic hierarchy and three-dimensional evolution of an exhumed submarine slope channel system
Daniel Bell David M. Hodgson Anna S. M. Pontén Larissa A. S. Hansen Stephen S. Flint Ian A. Kane 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):3259-3289
Submarine slope channel systems have complicated three-dimensional geometries and facies distributions, which are challenging to resolve using subsurface data. Outcrop analogues can provide sub-seismic-scale detail, although most exhumed systems only afford two-dimensional constraints on the depositional architecture. A rare example of an accessible fine-grained slope channel complex set situated in a tectonically quiescent basin that offers seismic-scale, down-dip and across-strike exposures is the Klein Hangklip area, Tanqua-Karoo Basin, South Africa. This study investigates the three-dimensional architecture of this channel complex set to characterise the stratigraphic evolution of a submarine channel-fill and the implications this has for both sediment transport to the deep-oceans and reservoir quality distribution. Correlated sedimentary logs and mapping of key surfaces across a 3 km2 area reveal that: (i) the oldest channel elements in channel complexes infill relatively deep channel cuts and have low aspect-ratios. Later channel elements are bound by comparatively flat erosion surfaces and have high aspect-ratios; (ii) facies changes across depositional strike are consistent and predictable; conversely, facies change in successive down depositional dip positions indicating longitudinal variability in depositional processes; (iii) stratigraphic architecture is consistent and predictable at seismic-scale both down-dip and across-strike in three-dimensions; (iv) channel-base-deposits exhibit spatial heterogeneity on one to hundreds of metres length-scales, which can inhibit accurate recognition and interpretations drawn from one-dimensional or limited two-dimensional datasets; and (v) channel-base-deposit character is linked to sediment bypass magnitude and longevity, which suggests that time-partitioning is biased towards conduit excavation and maintenance rather than the fill-phase. The data provide insights into the stratigraphic evolution and architecture of slope channel-fills on fine-grained continental margins and can be utilised to improve predictions derived from lower resolution and one-dimensional well data. 相似文献
985.
986.
987.
“东川型”排导槽结构对泥石流流速影响的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
消能肋槛和排导槽纵比降是控制"东川型"泥石流排导槽内流体运动的两个关键因素.泥石流流速是反映排导槽工程输移力及对排导槽的冲刷淤积破坏的重要参数之一.通过实验,对固定配比的泥石流流体在不同的肋槛组合下的排导槽中的流速进行了研究,结果表明:(1)肋槛间距从40 cm增加至60 cm时,泥石流流速先增加后减少,在间距50 cm时达到最大值;(2)肋槛高度对泥石流流速的影响非常复杂,在不同的肋槛间距和纵比降下表现不同的相关关系;(3)纵比降对排导槽内的泥石流流体基本呈正相关;(4)得到了肋槛间距与肋槛高度之比值N与泥石流流速V之间关系的数学表达式:V=0.0341N+C,其中C为常量. 相似文献
988.
Steady flow in a convoluted channel is studied via Particle Tracking Velocimetry. The channel is constructed from a sequence of closed parallel cylindrical tubes welded together in plane which are then sliced down the lateral mid-plane and the lower complex is laterally shifted relative to the upper complex. Flow is induced in the lateral direction normal to the axis of the tubes. The a-time, Ta, finite-size Lyapunov exponent, λa, and the real-space self- and distinct-part of the intermediate scattering functions, Gs and Gd, and the pair density function, Gp, are computed from the data. Particle trajectories, velocity maps and streamlines show the channel has two prominent recirculation zones and a main flow region. The first passage time probability density function of tagged particles past a plane transverse to the mean flow illustrates how particles are delayed by recirculation zones. The delay caused by fluid element folding is manifested in single particle statistics such as the first passage time and the slowing increase in horizontal evolution of Gs. Gp describes initial particle distribution and allows areas in the flow domain trapping particles to be identified and visualized. Gd shows the evolution of the average separation of pairs of particles and when examined in a recirculation zone, it evolves little because of fluid element rotation. λa gives information on what transpires at a fixed scale and provides an estimate of the rate at which particles initially separated by a distance x separate to a distance ax as opposed to Gd which allows one to view changes over time. At small separations, λ1.3 approaches a constant and for intermediate separations it scales as x−0.8. 相似文献
989.
Jens M. Turowski Elowyn M. Yager Alexandre Badoux Dieter Rickenmann Peter Molnar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(12):1661-1673
Sediment transport in the Erlenbach, a small stream with step‐pool morphology in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, has been monitored for more than 20 years. During this time three exceptional events (events with high sediment yield and long return times that have a large effect on channel morphology) have impacted the stream and partly or completely rearranged the existing step‐pool morphology. In the aftermath of the events, sediment transport rates at a given discharge and total sediment yield remained elevated for about a year or longer. For the last event, dated on the 20 June 2007, observations of boulder mobility and step destruction were used to interpret channel stability. Boulders with median diameters of up to 135 cm and estimated weights of more than 2·5 tons have moved during the 2007 event. Using hydraulic observations and shear stress calculations boulders up to 65 cm in diameter were predicted to have been fully mobile in peak conditions, even if form resistance and increased critical stresses needed for the initiation of motion in steep streams were taken into account. For two of the events, estimated peak shear stresses at the bed exceeded 1000 Pa, calculated both from observations of the flow hydraulics and from boulder mobility. This suggests that highly energetic flows occur relatively frequently in small, steep streams and that large boulders can be transported by fluvial processes in such streams. The observations have potential significance for hazard risk mitigation, stream engineering and restoration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
990.
珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的分布及季节变化 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用GF/F玻璃滤膜对珠江虎门潮汐水道6个表层水样进行过滤分离出多环芳烃的颗粒相和溶解相,并根据美国EPA标准对多环芳烃进行了定量分析.结果显示,洪、枯季水体中16种优先控制多环芳烃总量分别是223~614,6 559~20 031 ng/dm3;洪、枯季多环芳烃总量分别为786~2 098,11 360~34 338 ng/dm3;广州前航道的污染较狮子洋严重.珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的含量、分布具有明显的季节变化特征,枯季多环芳烃的浓度高于洪季1个数量级以上,且二环多环芳烃的含量占95%以上,主要呈溶解相形式出现;洪季高环多环芳烃的含量明显升高,主要呈颗粒相形式输运. 相似文献