Ecology and population structure of theArtemia parthenogenetica,population inhabiting a major saltern in Sri Lanka

The structure of the naturally occurringArtemia parthenogenetica population inhabiting the Mahalewaya Saltern in Sri Lanka was studied over an annual cycle, together with accompanying variations in the physico-chemical characteristics of its pond waters.Artemia was found only in the serially connected earthen ponds that serve as condenser pans in the saltern. Over the 12-month period of study, salinities in these ponds ranged from 81.5 to 199.6 ppt, temperatures from 28.2 to 33.6°C, pH from 7.9 to 9.1 and dissolved oxygen from, 1.1 to 9.0 mg L^–1. The physico-chemical characters varied along a gradient across the three ponds, with salinity and temperature increasing with proximity of the condenser pans to the crystallizers of the saltern and dissolved, oxygen values showing the opposite trend. The ponds containingArtemia were shallow and had a maximum depth of 37 cm. Gross primary productivity ranged from negative values to 686.4 mg C m^–2 day^–1. Rainfall was distributed non-uniformly almost throughout the year, most of it being experienced from August to October, with a 254 mm maximum in October and lesser rainfall from December to May. Population numbers ranged from zero to 125 individuals L^–1 and declined with increasing salinities and temperatures which related, spatilly, to increasing proximity of ponds to crystallizers and temporally, to the dry weather periods. Recruitment was best at low salinities and temperatures (104 to 114 ppt and 28.2 to 30.5°C) but also took place, although, at reduced intensities, up to 174 ppt salinity and 32.2°C temperature. Populations were mostly dominated by instar I stage nauplii with adult stages predominating only during periods of high salinity and temperature. Water management practices for salt production in the salterns included maintaining shallow depths that lead to high water temperatures and pond irrigation procedures that resulted in abrupt salinity changes. Such practices limited the size of theArtemia population as well as prevented its spread into the numerous ponds of the saltern.     

鲜水河-小江断裂带7级以上强震构造区的划分及其构造地貌特征

划分了鲜水河——小江断裂带7级以上历史地震的强震构造区，分析了各强震构造区地质构造和构造地貌特征．认为强震构造区是沿断裂带的一些特殊构造段落，区内以断裂带主要分支断层的左阶斜列、并行排列或三叉构造组合为主体构造格局．强震构造区内发育了构造较复杂的盆地类型，如三叉区拉分盆地、双阶区拉分盆地和阶区 三叉区拉分盆地等．      

渍涝洼地鱼塘中浮游动物的变化

1987—1989年对山东省禹城渍涝洼地新开鱼塘水体中浮游动物进行了调查。1987、1988、1989年成鱼养殖期间共检出浮游动物种类分别为29、34、52种,平均数量为11911、39366.1、77889.2个/L,平均生物量为5.145、5.7675、9.6285mg/L。1988、1989年,鱼塘水体中浮游动物的数量高峰在7月。新开鱼塘养鱼前,只检出5种。数量为600个/L,生物量为0.0585mg/L。养鱼后三年来,鱼塘水体中浮游动物种类、数量及生物量的逐年增加,表明了新开鱼塘富营养化的演变程度。鱼塘施肥前后,水体中原生动物与轮虫的数量均有明显变化,其中原生动物变化更为明显。     

闽南虾池综合养殖系统的结构及其养殖效益

本文根据3个地点4口虾池周年跟踪调查，报道了综合养殖系统的结构及其特点、养殖管理技术、各综合养殖系统的经济效益以及各系统的效益评价。此外，还阐述了存在问题与展望，这些调查成果可为对虾养殖业的持续发展提供科学依据。     

养殖场苗池温度的计算机监控系统

通过对苗池和锅炉温度检测与控制单元、模拟信号处理单元、数据采集单元等硬件监控系统的研制,并在此基础上对计算机与数据采集单元的接口、苗池与锅炉温度动态显示和采集数据处理等软件模块进行开发,实现了先进的信息技术、自动控制技术和传感测量技术在养殖场的成功应用.     

A successful microbound diet for the larval culture of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A 13-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a microbound diet for rearing the larvae of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in comparison with the live foods that consist of Isochrysis galbana, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselmis chuii, rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia sp. Larvae of 0 to 13d post-hatch (dph) were reared in a temperature-controlled semi-open culture system and stocked at a density of 100 larvae L⁻¹ in tanks, each containing 50 L sterilized seawater with salinity 30–32. Larvae were manually fed either the live foods or the microbound diet 6 times per day. At 13dph, the growth of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was approximately 84% of that fed on the live foods. The survival rate of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was 44.29% at 13 dph, which was not significantly different from that of larvae fed on live foods (63.55% ). The body length and development index (DI) of the larvae fed on the microbound diet were always lower than those of larvae fed on live foods. However, the differences reached significant levels only at 11 and 13dph (P<0.05). The mean dry weight loss of the microbound diet was 9.2% after 90min immersion in seawater, indicating that this diet has a good water stability. The microbound diet contains 5223% crude protein and 10.27% lipid and is easy to prepare. These characteristics of the diet suggest good potentials for its successful use in the larviculture of other penaeid and fish species.     

节水型斑节对虾养殖池环境质量监测与评价

用质量指数法评价节水型斑节对虾养殖池的环境质量.将对照池海水平均质量指数与微生物调控的试验池比较,硫化物、DO、磷酸盐、COD分别高71%、43%、24%、8.3%,但非离子氨、无机氮分别低229%、122%.综合来看,试验池的水质优于对照池,对照池水质有轻微污染,污染因子是磷酸盐、COD、BOD;底质环境未受有机物和硫化物的污染,对照池有机物含量高于试验池,对照池硫化物含量低于试验池.     

亚热带虾池条纹小环藻铜和锌富集及其动力学研究

铜和锌是普遍存于对虾养殖池塘中的重金属污染物质,查明铜和锌在水环境中的迁移规律对有效防控养殖环境铜和锌污染以及对虾健康养殖具有重要意义。作者在不同铜和锌暴露时间下测定了条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)铜和锌富集富集率,研究了条纹小环藻铜和锌富集动力学,并探讨了温度、盐度和光照度对条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的影响。结果表明:条纹小环藻铜和锌富集过程分为快速、慢速和富集平衡3个阶段。快速富集在30 min内完成,富集率可达70%以上;慢速富集大约分别在4 h和6 h完成,富集率均可达90%;以后达到富集平衡。温度、盐度和光照度对条纹小环藻铜和锌富集有显著影响。条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的最适温度范围分别为25~35℃和15~35℃,盐度范围分别为20~35和25~30,光照度均为3000~7500 lx。条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的光饱和点为3000 lx。条纹小环藻在亚热带虾池中对铜和锌均具有较强的富集能力。     

Effect of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming waste on the growth,digestion, ammonium-nitrogen excretion of sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

In this study, specific growth rate (SGR), ingestion rate (IR), food conversion ratio (FCR), apparent digestion ratio (ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber (Stichopus m...     

低产老化虾池的生态养殖的探讨

针对目前大批低产老化虾池的改造和可持续生产的问题,设计了一个自然生态养虾新模式。利用长期不能清淤的低产老化虾池和已造成生态失衡的虾池,实行疏放苗,精管理,综合利用、立体开发,混养、轮养。试验结果表明,养殖周期为 ８０～９０ ｄ,对虾成活率６０．５％ ～７６％ ,体长达１０．１～１３．２ ｃｍ ,平均体重 １７．２～１９．２ ｇ／尾,饵料系数 ０．７７～０．８０,平均产量 ６４５～７８０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,鲻鱼产量 ４２０～４６５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 。整个养殖过程虾池的各种水质理化因子基本符合要求,从而使对虾养殖在一种相对稳定的生态环境中进行