半封闭式对虾养殖体系的水环境特征

１９９４年５—９月，在福建省连江县大官坂垦区试验虾池进行半封闭式对虾养殖技术试验研究，取得相对较明显的经济效益。该半封闭体系具有养殖水质环境较稳定的特点，试验池水体溶解氧含量及其饱和度相对持续较高，整个养殖过程浮游植物种类、数量较稳定，异养细菌总数和弧菌数较低，对预防对虾病毒性疾病有一定效果。     

对虾暴发病的实验室生态学研究

于１９９４,１９９５年在实验室条件下探讨了溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、和非－０１霍乱弧菌的单一菌株与对虾病毒感染的关系;在此基础上,进一步探讨了２３．５￣２５℃和２９．５￣３１℃温度条件下用病虾匀浆感染时,实验水体中细菌数量、弧菌数量的消长情况及其与对虾感染病毒的关系。结果表明,３种弧菌单独感染均可使对虾致病,但在与对虾病毒匀浆共同感染时,感染结果有较大差异,其中溶藻弧菌与对虾病虾匀浆的共同感染结果比单     

Artemia tibetiana: preliminary characterization of a new Artemia species found in Tibet (People's Republic of China). International Study on Artemia. LIX

In this study, we report on the existence of a new bisexual Artemia species, found in the high plateaus of Tibet (P. R. China). Different disciplines have been used to characterize this new population: biometrics of cysts and nauplii, morphometry of adults, cytogenetics, allozyme and DNA analyses and cross-breeding/fertility tests with known Artemia species. The results obtained justify that there is enough evidence to support the view that Artemia from Tibet is a new species with the proposed name Artemia tibetiana.     

Residues of selected antibiotics in water and mud from shrimp ponds in mangrove areas in Viet Nam

In recent years, antibiotics have been used widely in intensive shrimp culture and this may lead to their contamination of the environment. Surveys on residues of trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), norfloxacin (NFXC) and oxolinic acid (OXLA) in water and mud in shrimp ponds in mangrove areas were conducted in the north as well as in south of Viet Nam in July and August, 2002. The results show that these antibiotics are found in all samples in both shrimp ponds and surrounding canals. The highest concentrations of TMP, SMX, NFXC and OXLA are 1.04, 2.39, 6.06, and 2.50 ppm in water samples; and 734.61, 820.49, 2615.96, 426.31 ppm (based on wet mud weight), respectively. The comparison of antibiotics residues between study sites and types of shrimp ponds will be discussed in this paper. The results also suggest that antibiotics residues may cause harmful effect on ecosystems in the study sites.     

太湖流域池塘养殖污染排放估算及其空间分布特征

池塘养殖是农业源污染的重要来源之一,尤其在水网密布、渔业发达的太湖流域,控制池塘养殖过程中氮、磷、化学需氧量等污染物的排放,对于减轻水体富营养化程度、恢复水质健康、维持地区社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义.基于野外采样、入户调查、遥感解译等多种手段,结合GIS软件技术,对太湖流域池塘养殖污染物的排放进行了估算.结果表明,20142015年太湖流域总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、总磷、可溶性磷、COD Cr的年排放量分别为6.1×10^6、1.1×10^6、1.7×10^6、1.3×10^5、1.1×10^5和8.0×10^7 kg.其中鱼类池塘养殖排放系数分别为69.5、12.4、20.1、1.6、1.3和919.8 kg/hm 2;虾类池塘排放系数分别为3.0、0.5、0.9、0.07、0.06和39.3 kg/hm^2;蟹类池塘排放系数分别为6.4、1.2、1.9、0.2、0.1和84.9 kg/hm^2.太湖流域池塘养殖各类污染物排放分布特征为位于太湖西北部、南部和东北部的大部分地区池塘养殖污染物排放较高,位于太湖东部和太湖西南部的池塘养殖污染物排放较低.池塘养殖业发达、饲料肥料投入高、养殖密度大等是造成该流域池塘养殖污染物排放较高的主要原因.针对太湖流域池塘养殖减排治理,建议推行合理的池塘污染治理管理政策与策略,综合考虑饲料利用率与投放量、养殖面积、养殖密度、养殖生物生态混养,以及一些科学养殖管理措施和净化养殖废水的技术措施等.     

低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物

1997年5～9月低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物数量与生物量的月变化特点为：浮游植物中隐藻，裸藻与硅藻生物量在实验期间较高，蓝藻与绿藻在数量上占优势，进入秋季后蓝灌数量逐渐超过绿藻，浮游动物中原生动物，桡足类数量分别在5、6月份占优势；桡足类生物量这两个月占绝对优势，轮虫，原生动物的数量分别在7、8月份优势明显，结果表明实验期间小型浮游生物数量增加，分析表明，低洼盐碱地池塘水体浮游生物的变化与水体营养盐的含量，水产经济活动（鱼虾），水温等因素密切相关。     

Seasonal variation of infiltration rates through pond bed in a managed aquifer recharge system in St-André, Belgium

In Belgium, IWVA uses managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to recharge the aquifer with treated wastewater generated from the communities to sustain the potable water supply on the Belgian coast. This MAR facility is faced with a challenge of reduced infiltration rates during the winter season when pond water temperatures near 4°C. This study involves the identification of the predominant factor influencing the rate of infiltration through the pond bed. Several factors, including pumping rates, natural recharge, tidal influences of the North Sea and pond-water temperature, were identified as potential causes for variation of the recharge rate. Correlation statistics and linear regression analysis were used to determine the sensitivity of the infiltration rate to the aforementioned factors. Two groundwater flow models were developed in visual MODFLOW to simulate the water movement under the pond bed and to obtain the differences in flux to track the effects of variation of hydraulic conductivity during the two seasons. A 32% reduction in vertical hydraulic gradient in the top portion of the aquifer was observed in winter, causing the recharge rates to fluctuate. Results showed that water temperature caused a 30% increase in hydraulic conductivity in summer as compared with winter and has the maximum impact on infiltration rate. Cyclic variations in water viscosity, occurring because of seasonal temperature changes, influence the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the pond bed. Results from the models confirm the impact on infiltration rate by temperature-influenced hydraulic conductivity.     

Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei, Northern China

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria-Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei and eastern Inner Mongolia of China. Its important component genus Magumbonia from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping Basin, northern Hebei, China, is revised on the basis of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the type species M. jingshangensis Wang, 1984, which revealed morphological features not recognized previously. These include coarse reticulation on the umbo and prominent growth lines ornamented with densely spaced, small tubercles and fine lirae.     

刺参养殖池塘中一株益生芽孢杆菌的分离及鉴定

针对目前刺参池塘养殖中微生态制剂施用混乱、标准不一以及效果不稳定性等现状,本研究从刺参养殖池塘底泥中分离土著芽孢杆菌菌株,并通过菌落形态特征、16s rDNA测序分析和生理生化试验对该菌株进行了鉴定,确定该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),命名为XA-01,该茵可为微生态制剂的制备提...     

Development and application of antibody microarray for white spot syndrome virus detection in shrimp

Detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp in high efficiency and veracity is important for disease prevention in aquaculture. Antibody-based microarray is a novel proteomic technology that can meet the requirements. In this study, we developed an antibody microarray for WSSV-detection in a specific and parallel way at multiple samples. First, seven slides each with different modifications were characterized by atomic force microscope, and were compared in the efficiency of immobilizing proteins. Of the seven, 3-dimensional structured agarose gel-modified slides were chosen appropriate for the microarray for having higher signal value and superior spot size. A purified rabbit anti-WSSV antibody was arrayed as the capture antibody of the microarray on the agarose gel-modified slides, and then the microarray slides were incubated in the tissue homogenate of sampled shrimp and the antibody-antigen complex was detected by Cy3-conjugated anti-WSSV monoclonal antibody. The results were measured by a laser chipscanner and analyzed with software. To obtain satisfied fluorescence signal intensity, optimal conditions were searched. The detection limit of the antibody microarray for WSSV is 0.62 μg/mL, with a proven long shelf life for 6 months at 4°C or 8 months at -20°C. Furthermore, concordance between antibody microarray and traditional indirect ELISA reached 100% for WSSV detection. These results suggest that the antibody microarray could be served as an effective tool for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of WSSV.