海域基准价格评估:厦门案例研究

近年来,随着国家资源管理体制改革的加快,海域资源市场化配置程度不断提高,海域招拍挂即将成为海域使用权出让的主要方式。对海域基准价格进行研究,可以科学确定海域使用权的价格,为海域资源市场化配置提供科学支撑。本文建立了海域定级和海域基准价格评估方法,并利用建立的方法评估了厦门市货运港口用海、客运港口用海、游乐场用海和游艇泊位用海的海域基准价格。结果显示,厦门市各级各类海域基准价格差异很大,各地区各类用海的海域基准价格在11.04～89.32万元/公顷之间。从区域看,同一区域不同用海类型的海域基准价格相差很大,厦门岛周边海域基准价格普遍较高,与陆域的经济发展水平相对一致;从用途看,同级别海域游艇泊位用海年均海域基准价格最高,货运港口用海最低。     

基于最大熵和广义相加模型分析厦门有害藻华影响下滨海旅游环境价值损失的关键参数

有害藻华是海洋生态灾害中最突出的问题之一,威胁着滨海旅游等海洋经济的可持续发展。有效评估有害藻华对滨海旅游环境价值损失的影响是推动生态环境保护与旅游资源开发协调发展的前提和基础。目前国内外广泛使用条件价值法,通过设置假想情景,根据受访者是否愿意为修复环境支付费用及支付多少来定量转换环境损失价值。因此,受访者支付意愿及其程度是影响环境损失价值的关键参数。但是,受访者的支付意愿和最大支付额度受多种因素影响,常规统计分析方法难以厘清其主要因素。本文创新性地引入最大熵Max Ent和广义相加GAMs模型,分别从是否愿意支付的定性分析和支付额度多少的定量分析两个方面,阐明厦门有害藻华影响下滨海旅游环境价值损失评估中影响这两个关键参数的主要因素。与传统统计分析方法相似,不论是Max Ent还是GAMs模型都认为收入水平、对景点满意程度、受教育程度以及年龄是解释游客支付意愿和支付额度的主要影响因素。但是,模型分析结果给出的显著性和重要性排序显示,游客对有害藻华的科学认知会显著影响其支付意愿,但对支付额度的影响有限。本文通过研究受访者对生态灾害的环境态度及其对支付意愿和支付额度的影响,以期为准确评估海...     

Some Observations on the Changes of Physico-Chemical and Biological Factors in Victoria Harbour and Vicinity, Hong Kong, 1988–1996

This study analysed monthly physico-chemical and biological data collected from 18 marine monitoring stations in Victoria Harbour and its vicinity in Hong Kong, from 1988 to 1996. Cluster analysis based on all water quality parameters measured shows that the 18 monitoring stations can be grouped into four clusters: Cluster I consists of stations located in the Harbour proper; Cluster II consists of stations located west of the Harbour and along the Rambler Channel; Cluster III consists of stations located east of the Harbour near Junk Bay and Cluster IV consists of stations located west of the Harbour and near the Ma Wan, Kap Shui Mun and Western Fairways. Factor analysis shows high positive loadings for nutrients in the first two factors of the four clusters. This suggests that effluents from the 11 outfalls of sewage screening plants influence the water quality of Victoria Harbour and its vicinity. Other factors such as storm water runoff, marine traffic, construction and industrial activities and the Pearl River discharges also appear to play an important role in determining local water quality. Five stations located along an east–west transect across the Harbour were selected for trend analysis. The three stations located in the Harbour exhibit an increasing trend for temperature and levels of total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate phosphorous (PO₄-P) and faecal bacteria and a decreasing trend for pH and levels of total nitrogen (TN), total kjeldahl-nitrogen (TKN), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) and chlorophyll a. For the station located east of the Harbour, an increasing trend is observed for levels of TP, PO₄-P, but no decreasing trend in TN and TKN is detected. For the station located west of the Harbour, no decreasing trend in TN, TKN and chlorophyll a is observed. Changes in levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in Victoria Harbour and the immediate vicinity have led to significant increases in the ratios of Total Silica (TSi) to TN, as well as a decrease in TN to TP and TSi to TP in most stations. Results of the present study show that Victoria Harbour and its immediate vicinity remain polluted.     

Red-Pelaged Harbour Seals, in Humboldt County, California: why some Seals Rust

In this paper we present data on the occurrence of red-pelaged harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, at a haul-out in Humboldt County, California. Density of red seals ranged from 4% to 17.5% (n=21) and was comparable to that reported for San Francisco Bay, being the highest documented worldwide. The red colouration is the result of natural inorganic iron oxide/hydroxide pigments (limonite), which are present in small patches on the beach sand of the seals haul-out at the mouth of the Mad River. Thorough analysis of the river water and ocean water excluded these as possible sources for the iron oxide/hydroxide pigments. We found that the manmade reinforcement of the river bank adjacent to the haul-out consisted of greenshist boulders with a very high iron content. Weathering of these rocks produces red iron oxide/hydroxide particles which are then redeposited by rain or river action in small patches across the haul-out. Seals receive their red colouration through direct physical contact with these patches. SEM examination showed that these particles can adhere lastingly to the seals’ hair. Other studies provide reason for concern that this situation may detrimentally impact the seals’ health.     

厦门湾上屿附近海域悬浮颗粒物中若干元素的时空分布特征

本文测定了在厦门湾上的屿附近海域定点站６个航次所采集悬浮颗粒物中Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ,Ａｌ,Ｔｉ,Ｂａ和Ｃａ６种金属元素的含量,并结合相关要素,探讨了该海域悬浮颗粒物的化学组成及其生物地球化学特性。对悬浮颗粒物中Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ,Ａｌ,Ｔｉ,Ｂａ和Ｃａ等元素的垂直分布与时间变异研究发现,它们多数与悬浮颗粒物关系密切,沉积物再悬浮作用是控制水体尤其是底层水悬浮颗粒物时空变化的主要因素。     

厦门港南部附近海域的水动力输运特征

本文采用二维浅水潮流方程,欧拉余流模型和拉格朗日余流模型,并通过数值模拟的方法,研究了厦门港南部附近海域的水动力输运特征。结果表明,该海域的水动力输运条件良好,水交换能力罗强。     

厦门港的中华白海豚Ⅳ.脊柱、肋骨、胸骨及肢带骨

对厦门 ３头中华白海豚成体标本Ｓ_６、Ｓ_７、Ｓ_１０的脊柱、肋骨、胸骨及肢带骨进行了系统研究。颈椎７块,第一、二颈椎基本愈合;胸椎１２块,通过横突与１２对肋骨相联;腰椎１０块,横突、脊突均发达;尾椎２２块。肋骨１２对,前５对双头,后７对单头;前７对肋骨为双节,后５对为单节。两头幼仔标本 Ｓ_９与 Ｓ_１１的胸骨分别为两部分和三部分组成,由软骨联结,成体骨化愈合为一块。     

厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物的时空分布及其调控机制

分别于１９９７年１０月与１９９８年４月,研究了厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成,时空分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：厦门西侧涨域微微型浮游植物在类群组成和丰度分布上存在的着在的时空变动;在类群组成上,富含藻蓝素的蓝细菌（ＰＣ细胞）在大多则站占优势（秋、春平均分别为７８％、４１％）,而真核微微型浮游植物（ＥＵ细胞）在九龙江口占优势（秋季高达８０％～１００％）;在丰度分布上,ＰＣ和富含藻红素的蓝细菌（ＰＥ细胞）呈秋季大于春季,而ＥＵ细胞秋春季则相近。与环境因子的回归分析表明,盐度是影响厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成和丰度的关键因子,但其与细胞丰度的相关关系因季节不同而异;结果还表明,厦门西海域微微型浮游植物类群组成的多样性与该海域的异质性有关。     

对流项处理对厦门湾流态数值模拟结果的影响研究

<正>确处理流体力学方程中的对流项对环流的数值模拟起着重要作用。采用数值实验的方式,采用不同的对流项处理方法,模拟了厦门湾潮流场,并将数模结果与物模模拟结果进行对比,分析不同对流项处理方式对厦门湾区域流态模拟结果的影响,以此为依据提出适合港湾的对流项处理方法。     

厦门海域蟹类资源的变化

本研究依据2006—2007年与2016—2017年各个季节在厦门海域采样获得的蟹类样品数据,对比分析了其种类组成、资源密度及其多样性指数。结果表明：厦门海域蟹类的种类组成有较大变化,种类更替率为55.32%,伴随着在两次调查中扇蟹科、方蟹科和关公蟹科等物种的新出现及梭子蟹科和长脚蟹科物种的消失,同时蟹类丰度(d)有所减少;均匀度(J)、种类多样性指数(H′)和资源密度变化较小;蟹类的群落结构变得更单一,容易遭到破坏;研究期间拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)资源出现一定程度的恢复,蟹类资源的平均个体质量有所增加,其中秋季蟹类个数密度增长较为明显。本研究建议在保证严格禁渔等管理的同时,加强对其海洋栖息地的管理和恢复。