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排序方式: 共有189条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Münire Selcen Sönmez Melis Muz Okan Tarık Komesli Sezgin Bakırdere Celal Ferdi Gökçay 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):980-985
Simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs), namely diltiazem, progesterone, benzylbutylphthalate (BBP), estrone, and carbamazepine (Cbz) were performed by using high performance LC–electrospray tandem MS. The ultrasound‐aided sequential extraction of sludge samples was optimized to increase extraction efficiencies of the analytes; ranging between 93.0–98.3% recovery. The limit of detection values for diltiazem, progesterone, BBP, estrone, and Cbz were found as 0.78, 0.72, 0.24, 0.75, and 0.72 µg/kg, respectively. Sludge samples taken from Ankara Tatlar; Hurma, Lara and Kemer of Antalya, and Middle East Technical University‐vacuum rotating membrane wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) aeration tanks were analyzed for their EDCs contents under optimized conditions. Diltiazem was found in all the samples in the range between 116.4–180.8 ng/g while progesterone and estrone were not detected in any of the samples analyzed with the exception of Tatlar WWTP. The BBP concentration was between beyond detection and 9195.5 ng/g. In addition, Cbz was found in all the samples ranging from 25.6 to 118.8 ng/g. 相似文献
92.
Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based (fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint’ and ‘urban metabolism’. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions. 相似文献
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宁波沿海陆源排污口细菌结构多样性和铁代谢相关的毒力基因的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用多重PCR技术对肠杆菌铁代谢相关毒力基因fhuA、irp2、sltA和sodB进行同步检测, 研究宁波沿海陆源排污口人畜共患致病菌群落结构在人类活动影响下的分布差异及对环境因子变化的响应趋势。通过16S rRNA 基因的PCR扩增和限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)分析技术, 研究了东海重要陆源排污口的细菌群落多样性; 建立肠杆菌铁载体外膜受体蛋白fhuA、铁调节蛋白irp2、类志贺样毒素sltA、含铁超氧物歧化酶sodB基因多重PCR体系, 并用该体系检测铁代谢相关毒力基因在陆源排污口的分布情况。2011年3、5、8、10月份, 在宁波沿海陆源排污口中共分离纯化1000余株、98种细菌, 16S rRNA 基因序列分析表明, 它们分属于4个门5个纲13个科21个属, 其中?-变形杆菌纲(67株, 68.4%)和芽孢杆菌纲(16株, 16.3%)分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门中主要纲。98株细菌中, fhuA+irp2+sodB+基因型检出率为35.71%; fhuA+irp2+ sltA+的基因型检出率为25.27%; irp2的基因型检出率为13.19%; fhuA基因型检出率为12.09%; fhuA+ irp2+
基因型检出率为9.89%; sltA+sodB+基因型检出率为8.79%; fhuA+irp2+sodB+sltA+基因型检出率为8.79%。 相似文献
96.
Abstract: Microorganisms found at terrestrial and seafloor hydrothermal systems are classified based on their optimum growth temperatures. Prokaryotes exhibiting optimum growth temperatures above 45C are defined as thermophiles, while those with optimum growth temperatures above 80C are called hyperthermophiles. Hyperthermophiles have chemically and thermodynamically stable cytoplasmic‐membrane consisting of ether–lipids. Hyperthermophiles observed at temperature up to 113C in seafloor hydrothermal areas should have thermostable proteins. Presumably, the thermostable proteins are replacing certain amino acid residue by proline instead of alanine in order to increase hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Microorganisms inhabiting terrestrial and seafloor hydrothermal areas obtain energy mainly by use of chemical disequilibrium, so that their habitat may be restricted to the redox boundary between ambient water and reduced hydrothermal fluids. Among more than 200 species of cultivable thermophiles and hyperthermophiles, hyperthermophiles mainly obtain energy by sulfur reduction, because this reaction can produce energy efficiently at > 80C. Some hyperthermophilic sulfur reducers can reduce Cr(VI), Mn(IV), Fe(III), Co(III), As(V), Se(VI), Tc(VII), Au(III) and U(VI) through hydrogen or organic compounds that act as reducing agents for yielding energy. Some hyperther‐mophiles use W instead of Mo for activating their enzymes. Bacteria can pump out toxic metal ions from their cells, however toxic metal resistance systems of archaea, including hyperthermophiles, have not yet been studied. Methane producing hyperthermophiles can yield energy by the autotrophic reaction, when sufficient carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen can be supplied and methane can be removed from hydrothermal systems. If nitrogen can be supplied into a hydrothermal system, hydrogen oxidization by nitrogen species (e.g. NO3‐, NO2‐, NO and N2O) may be expected through the metabolism of some hyperthermophiles. 相似文献
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在水温25℃时,采用封闭静水式和封闭流水式装置测定了大弹涂鱼的窒息点及其昼夜代谢规律。结果表明,大弹涂鱼的窒息点为0.71mg/L;其标准代谢(SM)和常规代谢(RM)随体质量的增加而降低,不同规格处理组昼夜变化规律相同,即夜间代谢强于白天,但不同处理组SM(F=35.247,P〈0.01)和RM(F=4.679,P〈... 相似文献
99.
湖泊富营养化导致沉水植被大面积衰退和群落逆向演替,诱发一系列次生环境问题,并严重影响到水域生态环境质量.为了从对植物表型生长与C-N代谢生理指标影响的角度深度揭示富营养化水体中沉水植被的致衰退机制,本文以我国长江中下游淡水湖泊常见沉水植物优势种群——苦草(Vallisneria natans)为研究对象,利用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验设计方法,实验模拟研究富营养化水体中低氧、高铵和低光3种重要因素对苦草生长与C-N代谢生理指标的胁迫影响特征.本试验设置了3因素4水平,分别为4个低光照强度(50%、40%、30%和20%自然光照)和4个高铵浓度水平(0.5、1、2和4 mg/L)以及4个低氧处理浓度(7.5、6.5、5.5和4 mg/L).结果显示:光照强度低于30%、溶解氧浓度低于5.5 mg/L时,植株生长与C代谢受阻严重,碳水化合物储存量降低;铵态氮1.0 mg/L时,苦草N代谢活跃,游离氨基酸(FAA)含量明显升高,可溶性糖(SC)/FAA比降低,淀粉呈降低趋势.研究表明富营养湖泊中苦草的衰退是多种因素综合作用的结果,低氧、高铵与低光均会对苦草的生长与C-N代谢产生不利影响;受损沉水植被在藻-草稳态转换的富营养化湖泊中应通过控制水体高铵浓度,严控低氧出现,及时提高水下照度或透明度(如控磷)来予以保护和科学管理;而在次生裸地且藻类占优势的富营养化水体中沉水植被的恢复与重建过程不仅要降低水体营养盐水平尤其是氨氮的水平,还应着重考虑如何有效提高水下光强与溶解氧浓度,并将如上环境因子控制在一定变幅范围内,且控制条件应原则上严于保护受损沉水植被所需的条件. 相似文献
100.
城市化进程提升促使城市环境污染加剧、能源消耗激增、人口密度过大等问题的深层次原因在于城市代谢失调。为精准预测北京市城市代谢变化趋势,论文通过能源消费量及人类活动时间指标测算了1980—2016年北京市体外能代谢率,表征城市代谢程度。据此运用长短期记忆神经网络模型(LSTM)预测了2017—2022年北京各部门体外能代谢率。结果表明:① 基于长短期记忆神经网络的城市代谢预测模型精度较高,能够对北京各部门体外能代谢率进行更为精准的预测;② 2017—2022年间,北京第一产业和总体外能代谢率呈下降趋势,其中第一产业在2017年达到峰值,第二、第三产业及生活部门体外能代谢率将呈现增长趋势。③ 除第一、第三产业和总体外能代谢率外,历史变化的时间扰动幅度先小后大。④ 对各部门体外能代谢率EMRT的影响贡献度最大的因子为第二产业体外能代谢率EMR2,最小的为第一产业体外能代谢率EMR1。论文研究结果可为政策制定者优化城市管理方案、提升城市综合实力提供理论依据和决策支持。 相似文献