REPORT ON PONTONIINE SHRIMPS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA) COLLECTED BY JOINT CHINESE-GERMAN MARINE BIOLOGY EXPEDITIONS TO HAINAN ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA I. ANCHISTUS, CONCHODYTES, CORALLIOCARIS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｄｏ ＷｅｓｔＰａｃｉｆｉｃｗａｔｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｏｆｓｈｒｉｍｐｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙＰｏｎｔｏｎｉｉｎａｅ ,ｗｈｅｒｅｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 60ｏｆｔｈｅ79ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｐｏｎｔｏｎｉｉｎｅｇｅｎｅｒａｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｆｏｕｎｄ .Ｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｐｏｎ ｔｏｎｉｉｎｅｆａｕｎａｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ ( 2 3ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ,Ｂｒｕｃｅ ,1 982 ,1 990 ) ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒｉｎｇｗａｔｅｒｓ,Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ ｐ…     

Marine fouling in offshore areas east of Hainan Island, northern South China Sea

INTRODUCTIONBiofoulingonunderwaterpartsofman mademarinestructuresisamajoreconomicandtechni calproblemhavinginternationaldimensionsforthedevelopmentofoceanengineeringbecauseitnotonlyincreasesstaticandhydrodynamicloading,butalsoaffectscorrosioncharacteristicsandim pedesunderwaterinspectionandmaintenance (CallowandEdyvean ,1 990 ) .Duetodifferencesingeographicalpositionsandenvironmentalconditions,thedistributionofsessileorganismsvarieswitharea .Therefore ,understandingtheformationofbiofoulin…     

Holocene storminess inferred from sediments of two lakes on Adak Island,Alaska

The abundance of sedimentary organic material from two lakes was used to infer past Holocene storminess on Adak Island where frequent storms generate abundant rainfall and extensive cloud cover. Andrew and Heart Lakes are located 10 km apart; their contrasting physical characteristics cause the sedimentary organic matter to respond differently to storms. Their records were synchronized using correlated tephra beds. Sedimentation rates increased between 4.0 and 3.5 ka in both lakes. Over the instrumental period, Andrew Lake biogenic-silica content (BSi) is most strongly correlated with winter sunlight availability, which influences photosynthetic production, and river input, which influences the dilution of BSi by mineral matter. Heart Lake BSi is likely affected by wind-driven remobilization of sediment, as suggested by correlations among BSi, the North Pacific Index, and winter storminess. The results indicate relatively stormy conditions from 9.6 to 4.0 ka, followed by drying between 4.0 and 2.7 ka, with the driest conditions from 2.7 to 1.5 ka. The stormiest period was between AD 500 and 1200, then drying from 1150 to 1500 and more variable until 1850. This record of Holocene storminess fills a major gap at the center of action for North Pacific wintertime climate.     

Impacts of tuna industries on coastal communities in Pacific Island countries

Tuna fishing and processing industries have brought both a range of economic development and cultural contact opportunities to coastal communities in Pacific Island countries, and a variety of social and environmental challenges. This article outlines the main trends in the tuna industries of the region, examines the aspirations of coastal communities towards these industries, and traces actual experiences of their operations.     

青岛灵山岛下白垩统风暴岩与风暴沉积的发现及意义*

青岛灵山岛中生界下白垩统碎屑岩中发育了很好的风暴岩与风暴沉积,其特点是:(1)丘状、洼状构造及丘状、洼状交错层理经常可见;丘状交错层理呈对称或近对称丘状,一般发育在三角洲前缘暗色薄层状砂泥岩互层中,薄层一般厚1~2,cm,有时也可以更厚;砂岩中常有平行层理或低角度交错层理,也可以发育丘状交错层理;细层较厚,多在1~2,cm,甚至3~4,cm;但砂岩多数呈块状;洼状交错层理相对较少,多不完善;洼状构造则相对多见。(2)冲刷侵蚀面非常发育。多波状起伏或凹凸不平,起伏可达20~30,cm,甚至更大;内部的冲刷侵蚀面常不连续,但底部的冲刷侵蚀面连续性很好。(3)中厚层状砂岩内部的冲刷侵蚀面可以分为多个次级层,但常因冲刷面的不连续而上下合并在一起。(4)砂岩中常含有内碎屑,以暗色泥砾为主,小者直径多在1~2,cm,大者可达10,cm以上,形态多变;长轴多顺层分布;有时集中在砂岩的顶部。(5)以中细砂岩为主,没有真正的砾岩;砂岩的分选性可以较好。(6)发育了大量的多尺度、多类型软沉积物的变形构造。(7)有时候含有炭屑。灵山岛风暴岩和风暴沉积的发现,揭示了这套沉积是在一个相对较浅水的湖泊条件下形成的,而非海洋深水;此外,风暴形成的砂岩下移到三角洲前缘相中,使其更加靠近烃源岩,优化了生储关系,有利于油气成藏。     

磁岛合并研究

本文采用二维全粒子模拟来研究无碰撞等离子体中的磁岛合并过程.结果表明,磁岛合并分为两个阶段,在第一个阶段,两个磁岛因同向电流丝之间的吸引力而缓慢地相互靠近,在这个过程中,合并线附近的电子被面外电场加速,形成薄电流片,同时电流片两侧形成磁场堆积.第二个阶段为快速重联阶段,合并线附近的电磁场结构和以Harris电流片为初态的重联扩散区的电磁场结构很相似,其中最显著的特点为面外磁场的四极型结构.     

Evolution of Br/Cl ratios in fumarolic salammoniac from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands,Italy)

 Bromine/chlorine ratios in salammoniac samples, collected from 1983 to 1994 at the Fossa crater fumaroles of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands), were determined. The data obtained in this work have been compared to those obtained by Coradossi et al. (1985) in order to carry out a systematic study of the Br/Cl ratio variations since 1977. Br/Cl ratios range from 0.04 to 0.29. The Br/Cl ratio variations observed have been interpreted as the result of different contributions among deep and shallow components feeding the fumarolic fluids of Vulcano. The Br/Cl increases, which occurred from 1977 to 1979, in 1983–1984 and in 1992–1993, have been connected to an increased input of magmatic gases. Received: 10 November 1995 / Accepted: 12 July 1996     

A preliminary study of freshwater meiofaunal communities at Greenwich Island,South Shetland Islands,Antarctica

Meiofaunal communities of three small, shallow freshwater habitats sampled during the austral summer of 2013 in Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, are reported. Communities are domin...     

海南岛的湿地类型及其特点

海南岛为我国的第二大岛, 地理位置独特, 有丰富的湿地类型及资源。本文用遥感技术, 把海南岛的湿地分为４ 个大类, ２０ 个类型。海南岛以近岸及海岸湿地为主, 占海南湿地总面积的５０ ％ , 其中的浅海水域占海南湿地总面积的２５ ％ 。海南的珊瑚礁湿地、红树林湿地在全国同类湿地中发育最好。本文还对海南岛湿地的生物多样性进行了描述及概括。     

Reproductive periodicity in Evechinus chloroticus in the Hauraki Gulf

Test diameter and gonad volume were recorded over 1 year for bimonthly samples of Evechinus chloroticus (Valenciennes) from each of 3 subtidal populations 10 km apart in the Hauraki Gulf. Histological analysis was used to relate cellular events during gametogenesis to the annual cycle of change in gonad size. Mean gonad sizes of the different sea urchin populations were compared by analysis of covariance. Gametogenesis began in the spring, and major spawning occurred in mid to late summer. The proportion of the gonads taken up by nutritive phagocyte cells increased from autumn to spring. During proliferation and growth of gametes the nutritive phagocytes declined in abundance and globulation, suggesting that reserves stored in these cells were transferred to developing gametes. Gonad size doubled during gametogenesis, declined after spawning, and remained low in autumn and winter. Differences in gonad size between populations were significant during most of the year, and were most pronounced in mid summer. Although synchronous gametogenesis occurred in the 3 populations studied, spawning occurred at different times. This suggested that spawning in this species was induced by factors acting either within sea urchin populations or over distances of a few km or less.