Relativistic and Newtonian diskoseismology

The normal mode oscillations of thin accretion disks around black holes and other compact objects are analyzed and contrasted with those in stars. For black holes, the most robust modes are gravitationally trapped near the radius at which the radial epicyclic frequency is maximum. Their eigenfrequencies depend mainly on the mass and angular momentum of the black hole. The fundamental g-mode has recently been seen in numerical simulations of black hole accretion disks. For stars such as white dwarfs, the modes are trapped near the inner boundary (magnetospheric or stellar) of the accretion disk. Their eigenfrequencies are approximately multiples of the (Keplerian) angular velocity of the inner edge of the disk. The relevance of these modes to the high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the power spectra of accreting binaries will be discussed. In contrast to most stellar oscillations, most of these modes are unstable in the presence of viscosity (if the turbulent viscosity induced by the magnetorotational instability acts hydrodynamically).     

Stratigraphic architecture resulting from dune interactions: White Sands Dune Field,New Mexico

Aeolian dune interactions provide the dynamics for field‐scale pattern emergence and evolution within a set of boundary conditions. Although morphologies for a spectrum of dune interactions are recognized, associated stratigraphic architectures are unknown and have probably been misidentified in the rock record. A unique data set for the White Sands Dune Field in New Mexico (USA) allowed for a detailed analysis in which the morphological evolution of defect and bedform repulsion interactions is chronicled over a decadal time‐series of images and coupled with the resulting stratigraphic architecture, documented from cross‐strata exposed in interdune areas and ground‐penetrating radar imaging of dune interiors. Defect and bedform repulsions represent a class of interactions in which the faster‐migrating dune termination or defect (defect repulsion), or pair of defects (bedform repulsion), collides with the target dune downwind. Results document that during the collision, the defect(s) of the impactor dune recombine(s) with a segment of the target dune, and the redundant target dune segment is ejected as a parabolic‐shaped ejecta dune. The ejecta dune assumes a more barchanoid shape as it migrates downwind. The interaction architecture consists of lateral truncation of the target set by an interaction bounding surface. Defect cross‐strata tangentially approach the surface in plan‐view, and downlap onto the surface in cross‐section. The orientation of the defect cross‐strata is at an acute angle to the trend of the interaction surface. Orientations of the defect cross‐strata, which represent the defect approach angle, and the target dune cross‐strata, which represent the general dune migration direction, diverge at a high angle. Defect cross‐strata typically consist of wind‐ripple laminae, in contrast to the target set that may house grainflow cross‐strata. In the transport direction, the erosional interaction surface curves to become subparallel to subjacent and superjacent cross‐strata where the defect and target unify into a single lee face.     

安徽省沿江地区典型岩溶塌陷区盖层－岩溶组合特征

安徽省沿江地区（铜陵、池州、安庆）岩溶塌陷地质灾害较发育,无论是开展岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治,还是监测预警,都必须研究岩溶塌陷发育的地质环境条件,掌握岩溶塌陷区盖层工程地质特征、下伏碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征以及盖层－岩溶组合关系。文章以安徽省沿江地区岩溶塌陷为研究对象,在全面收集和总结区内大量岩溶塌陷调查、勘查及监测资料,野外调查典型岩溶塌陷区的基础上,分析了典型岩溶塌陷区盖层工程地质特征、下伏碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征,并进行概化处理,建立了岩溶塌陷的盖层－岩溶组合地质模型。研究表明:区内典型岩溶塌陷区的组合主要有7种类型,最易产生岩溶塌陷的组合为“第四系盖层为粉质黏土－砂砾卵石双层结构,下伏基岩岩溶发育中等以上”;岩溶塌陷致塌机理主要为潜蚀致塌,其次为真空吸蚀致塌、振动致塌。      

南羌塘帕度错-昂达尔错地区中生代地层含油气条件分析

南羌塘帕度错-昂达尔错地区,是羌塘盆地内最具油气资源潜力的地区之一.区内发育了从上三叠统日干配错群-上侏罗统索瓦组海相中生代地层,该套地层具备了良好的生油条件、储集条件、盖层条件,通过对其生、储、盖组合特征的分析研究,划分出3套完整的生储盖组合,并确定了帕度错-昂达尔错油气远景区.     

A late-glacial transition from Picea glauca to Picea mariana in southern New England

Picea is an important taxon in late-glacial pollen records from eastern North America, but little is known about which species of Picea were present. We apply a recently developed palynological method for discriminating the three Picea species in eastern North America to three records from New England. Picea glauca was dominant at  14,500–14,000 cal yr BP, followed by a transition to Picea mariana between  14,000 and 13,500 cal yr BP. Comparison of the pollen data with hydrogen isotope data shows clearly that this transition began before the beginning of the Younger Dryas Chronozone. The ecological changes of the late-glacial interval were not a simple oscillation in the position of a single species' range, but rather major changes in vegetation structure and composition occurring during an interval of variations in several environmental factors, including climate, edaphic conditions, and atmospheric CO₂ levels.     

实验感染白斑杆状病毒(WSBV)的斑节对虾血液病理学研究

用光镜观察经人工感染白斑杆状病毒 (White Spot Baculovirus,WSBV) 后患典型白斑病的斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon 的血淋巴涂片,研究了WSBV导致的淋巴细胞数量及结构异常;通过检测感染WSBV后患病虾与健康虾的血清主要生化指标,首次揭示了两者的主要差异及WSBV在宿主体内增殖的时间过程.结果表明:患病虾淋巴细胞明显减少,无颗粒细胞难以找到,颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞分别为健康虾的11.7%和4%;颗粒细胞内出现深染区、空白区或异样突起.血涂片上偶尔发现有大型固定性吞噬细胞.在患病虾血清主要生化指标中,Ca2+含量比健康虾显著升高,患病虾为15.93mmol·L-1,健康虾为10.71mmol·L-1;相反,患病虾血清中总蛋白(Tp)、总磷(PB)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)均比健康虾个体低,3者含量依次为:52.07g·L-1,0.34mmol·L-1和35.27IU·L-1,在健康虾个体血清中为:66.29g·L-1,0.66mmol·L-1及82.36IU·L-1;而K+,Mg2+含量无显著差异.血清中Ca2+,PB及TP的含量可以作为斑节对虾感染WSBV后出现白斑病的血清生化特征.斑节对虾感染WSBV后不同时间内血清主要生化指标显示其增殖的时间顺序可能为:24h内主要进行核酸复制,24-48h主要进行囊膜蛋白质的合成,病毒从入侵宿主细胞到从细胞内释放的过程约需48h.     

Water losses from the Sudd

Water losses in the Sudd wetlands of South Sudan have significant effects on water resources available to Sudan and Egypt. These losses increased greatly after the dramatic rise of Lake Victoria in 1961–1964, but investigation into the cause and location of these increased losses has been hindered by the shortage of records after 1963 and their cessation after 1983. By linking flow records at key points within the Sudd with the distribution of vegetation before the rise, analysis of vegetation after the rise can throw light on the distribution of resulting losses and their causes. Although the increased flooding in the upper reaches of the Sudd has been noted, this paper draws attention to greatly increased inundation in the lower reaches, apparently from backwater flooding, which would affect any future proposal for the Jonglei Canal project.     

A record of flooding on the White River,Arkansas derived from tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width

ABSTRACT

Tree rings preserve important records of past flooding. We present the results of an examination of inter-annual tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width in overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and river flooding at a bottomland hardwood forest site near the confluence of the White and Mississippi Rivers. We developed two flood chronologies based on (1) visual identification of “flood-ring” anatomical anomalies and (2) a simple method for quantitative measurements of earlywood vessel width (VW). Using visual flood rings, we have developed a response index (RI) chronology of floods from 1780–2013 and, using the VW measurements, we have developed a quantitative reconstruction of spring river levels from 1800–2013. Both the RI and VW chronologies are strongly related to spring river flooding and indicate that major floods such as those in 1805, 1826, 1844, 1852, 1858, occurred in the period prior to the systematic collection of stage data, and that the frequency of extreme events has greatly varied over the past two centuries. These chronologies provide important new information about Lower Mississippi River flooding in past centuries, and our simple method of measuring VW is a potentially useful new approach to the development of tree-ring records of flooding.     

斑节对虾虾苗白斑综合症杆状病毒的检测和养殖跟踪

利用 2步 PCR检测技术对湛江和阳西地区的虾苗进行白斑综合病杆状病毒 ( WSSV)检测。在仔虾 2日龄最早检测到病毒 ,有 2 5%的虾苗带有 WSSV病毒。带病毒虾苗和不带病毒虾苗分别在不同养殖模式的养殖过程中跟踪。前者在湛江湖光镇普通虾塘跟踪养殖 ,它们在变化的环境中容易发病 ,p H、盐度和温度是重要的诱发因子 ,在养殖 50～ 60 d时发病死亡 ;后者在高位池和普通池养殖跟踪 ,它们对变化的环境有较大的适应性 ,养殖时间为 80～ 1 1 0 d,在相对优良的养殖技术条件下大部分可望养殖成功。环境中有 WSSV病原传入 ,不带病毒虾苗在养殖后期可以带有 WSSV病毒 ,出现白斑虾。跟踪的普通池有爆发病害 ,但是时间延后 ,跟踪的高位池没有爆发病害。