用GPS秒信号锁定高频振荡器的方法研究

对用远距离传输的GPS秒信号锁定本地高频晶体振荡器的方法进行了探讨。介绍了高精度的时间数字转换器TDC(Time to Digital Converter)和对滤波的方法进行了探讨。为了降低成本又能够满足设计要求的精度，还考虑了双D／A转换的方法。有关的硬件系统已经通过了调试和一系列的测试和实验，在测量和控制精度方面，能达到设计的要求。此外，提出了这个系统有待解决的问题，如双D／A转换的非线性问题，Kalman滤波抗野值及继续提高精度的问题。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学

白云凹陷构造演化史的研究对在白云凹陷开展油气勘探和深水沉积研究具有重要的意义。通过对断裂与沉积结构平面和剖面特点的分析,结合岩浆活动特点,文中提出白云凹陷是一个复式地堑,推测这种结构特点与凹陷下地壳的强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形有关,表现为热岩石圈的伸展。其发育机制推测与白云凹陷位于构造转换带上有关,特殊的构造位置使白云凹陷成为强烈构造变形区,岩石圈地壳强烈减薄,伴随伸展过程和地幔上涌,脆性地壳或上地幔中部分熔融物质的出现导致岩石圈强度的急剧降低,在区域伸展应力场下以韧性流变方式减薄。岩浆在构造转换带下聚集并发育主岩浆房,由于白云凹陷南北边缘没有发育正断裂系统,岩浆主要沿垂直伸展的方向运移,因此在珠琼运动一幕和二幕南南东向伸展应力作用下,岩浆向白云凹陷的东部和西部运移至北西向基底深大断裂处,那里由于北西向断裂表现为左行张剪性质而成为压力较低的地区,从而成为岩浆上涌和侵位的地方。在岩浆聚集的地区,活动岩浆体附近的脆性变形被分散的韧性变形所取代,因此在凹陷的东北和西南两个角上,发育了张性和张剪性小断裂群,由于热岩石圈弹性较差,白云凹陷长期持续沉降。白云凹陷的断裂活动和沉积演化史还受到南海海盆扩张活动的影响。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组沉积相及其与隐蔽油气藏的关系

苏北盆地高邮凹陷是江苏油田的主要油气勘探开发区，是一个南断北超的典型箕状断陷湖盆，其中的古近系戴南组为一套厚度近2 000 m的河湖相砂泥岩地层，从下到上分为一段和二段。通过沉积充填分析和沉积相编图，戴南组一段沉积时，苏北盆地断陷构造活动相对强烈，地形高差大，水体相对较深，水体范围相对较小，从南向北分别发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。戴南组二段沉积时，构造活动有所减弱，地形高差变小，水体相对较浅，水体范围扩大至整个凹陷，从南向北分别发育扇三角洲、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。利用砂岩等厚图等资料，确定了戴南组的沉积相图。沉积相在平面上分布范围明确，纵向上既有差异性又有继承性。高邮凹陷边缘和内部的同沉积断层对沉积相和砂体的发育分布起着重要的控制作用，沉积相控制了油气分布，特别是对隐蔽油气藏形成起重要作用。高邮凹陷戴南组的隐蔽圈闭类型主要有地层超覆、断层-岩性、砂岩上倾尖灭及透镜体圈闭等。湖底扇、三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘、近岸水下扇中扇等为有利的储集岩相带。结合石油地质条件的分析，确定了联18-马18井区等几个有利的隐蔽油藏勘探区。     

Lithostratigraphic position and petrographic characteristics of R.A.T. (“Roches Argilo-Talqueuses”) Subgroup, Neoproterozoic Katangan Belt (Congo)

The Neoproterozoic Katangan R.A.T. (“Roches Argilo-Talqueuses”) Subgroup is a sedimentary sequence composed of red massive to irregularly bedded terrigenous-dolomitic rocks occurring at the base of the Katangan succession in Congo. Red R.A.T. is rarely exposed in a continuous section because it was affected by a major layer-parallel décollement during the Lufilian thrusting. However, in a number of thrust sheets, Red R.A.T. is in conformable sedimentary contact with Grey R.A.T which forms the base of the Mines Subgroup. Apart from the colour difference reflecting distinct depositional redox conditions, lithological, petrographical and geochemical features of Red and Grey R.A.T. are similar. A continuous sedimentary transition between these two lithological units is shown by the occurrence of variegated to yellowish R.A.T. The D. Strat. “Dolomies Stratifiées” formation of the Mines Subgroup conformably overlies the Grey R.A.T. In addition, a transitional gradation between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. occurs in most Cu–Co mines in Katanga and is marked by interbedding of Grey R.A.T.-type and D. Strat.-type layers or by a progressive petrographic and lithologic transition from R.A.T. to D. Strat. Thus, there is an unquestionable sedimentary transition between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. and between Grey R.A.T. and Red R.A.T.The R.A.T. Subgroup stratigraphically underlies the Mines Subgroup and therefore R.A.T. cannot be comprised of syn-orogenic sediments deposited upon the Kundelungu (formerly “Upper Kundelungu”) Group as suggested by Wendorff (2000). As a consequence, the Grey R.A.T. Cu–Co mineralisation definitely is part of the Mines Subgroup Lower Orebody, and does not represent a distinct generation of stratiform Cu–Co sulphide mineralisation younger than the Roan orebodies.     

Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin,NE China: deposition–erosion response to a slope break system of rift lacustrine basins

The sequence architecture and depositional systems of the Paleogene lacustrine rift succession in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China were investigated based on seismic profiles, combined with well log and core data. Four second‐order or composite sequences and seven third‐order sequences were identified. The depositional systems identified in the basin include: fan delta, braid delta, meander fluvial delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan. Identification of the slope break was conducted combining the interpretation of faults of each sequence and the identification of syndepositional faults, based on the subdivision of sequence stratigraphy and analysis of depositional systems. Multiple geomorphologic units were recognized in the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag including faults, flexures, depositional slope break belts, ditch‐valleys and sub‐uplifts in the central sag. Using genetic division principles and taking into consideration tectonic features of the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag, the study area was divided into the Northern Steep Slope/Fault Slope Break System, the Southern Gentle Slope Break System and T10 Tectonic Slope Break System/T10 Tectonic Belt. Responses of slope break systems to deposition–erosion are shown as: (1) basin marginal slope break is the boundary of the eroded area and provenance area; (2) ditch‐valley formed by different kinds of slope break belts is a good transport bypass for source materials; (3) shape of the slope break belt of the slope break system controls sediments types; (4) the ditch‐valley and sub‐sag of a slope break system is an unloading area for sediments; and (5) due to their different origins, association characteristics and developing patterns, the Paleogene slope break belt systems in the Huanghekou Sag show different controls on depositional systems. The Northern Fault Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fan delta‐lacustrine‐subaqueous fan, the Southern Gentle Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fluvial–deltaic–shallow lacustrine and sublacustrine fan, and the T10 Tectonic Slope Break System controls the deposition of shallow lacustrine beach bar sandbodies. The existence of a slope break system is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for studying sandbody development. The formation of effective sandbodies along the slope break depends on the reasonable coupling of effective provenance, necessary association patterns of slope break belt, adequate unloading space and creation of definite accommodation space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于空间技术实测数据的板块构造运动研究

将ITRF2008解算结果 GPS、SLR、VLBI实测站速度信息和北美CORS网络、中国陆态网络、欧洲CORS网络站速度信息进行基准统一,联合解算IERS组织划定的全球14个主要大陆板块的欧拉矢量,对原有的板块运动参数进行精化;提出了基于最小二乘法的海量台站选择方法,实验结果表明,该台站选取方法能够有效提高海量台站的筛选效率和可靠性。稳定台站的数量越多,分布越均匀,越能够体现板块运动的现势性。     

The Early Cretaceous Jacuí Group,a newly discovered volcaniclastic–epiclastic accumulation at the top of the Paraná Basin,southern Brazil

The presence of volcaniclastic rocks related to the silicic magmatism within the Serra Geral Formation has been a matter of long-standing debate. In this paper, we present extensive documentation that supports the presence and abundance of these rocks in the Jacuí Group, a newly discovered volcaniclastic and epiclastic accumulation in southern Brazil. The Jacuí Group is composed of two interfingered stratigraphic units, the Volta Alegre and Tupanciretã formations, and it represents the uppermost stratigraphic unit of the Paraná Basin. The Volta Alegre Formation is primarily composed of resedimented volcaniclastic tuffites, the pyroclasts which were sourced from the Santa Maria subgroup of the Palmas-type of the Serra Geral Formation. The Tupanciretã Formation is composed of fluvial and aeolian deposits transported towards the north–northwest. Deposition of the Jacuí Group began in the Early Cretaceous (∼132 Ma) and was coeval with the acidic volcanism of the Santa Maria subgroup. This group was deposited in a probable interior sag basin that represents either the beginning of the extension in the inner part of the continent that subsequently migrated to the east or the far-field impact of extensional processes that preceded the break-up of Gondwana and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.     

Effects of low- to high-angle normal faults on sedimentary architectures in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,Enping Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

The effects of low- to high-angle (>30°) normal faults on sedimentary architectural units in the Eocene Wenchang Formation, Enping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea were investigated utilising a high-quality 3D seismic data set and restored paleogeomorphology. It has been shown that sequence stratigraphic units and sedimentary architecture are significantly controlled by the low- to high-angle normal faults. The Wenchang Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into two para-second-sequences (the Lower and Upper Wenchang sequences, E₂W^L and E₂W^U) and seven third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1～SQ7). The low-angle fault confined sequence architecture of the Wenchang Formation is mainly characterised by lateral stacking with the ratio of the vertical subsidence (V) to horizontal slip (H) being reduced from 1/2 for E₂W^L to 1/6 for E₂W^U. In contrast, the high-angle fault confined sequence is characterised by vertical stacking with the ratio of V/H close to 1 for sequences SQ1 to SQ7. In the 3D seismic area, the features of sediment-dispersal pattern were interpreted based on an integrated analysis of paleogeomorphology, seismic reflection characteristics, stratal thickness distribution and multiple attribute clustering. The results show that the large-scale fan delta, belt-shape lacustrine deposit and bird-foot braided delta systems mainly developed in the low-angle fault confined sequences, whereas small-scale fan delta, rhombus-shaped lacustrine deposit and lobe-shaped braided delta systems inherited tectono-sedimentary architectures in the high-angle fault confined sequences.     

基于FY3A/MERSI资料分析广东省气溶胶光学厚度分布

利用国产极轨气象卫星FY3A的MERSI AOD产品分析2010—2013年广东省气溶胶光学厚度的分布规律。结果表明:MERSI AOD产品与地面太阳光度计实测数据的相关系数为0.72,其平均绝对值误差为0.12,均方根误差为0.15,数据精度可满足研究需要;从AOD的空间分布看,珠三角西翼东翼山区五市,其中佛山市、东莞市、中山市为广东省AOD均值最高的地区,梅州市、河源市为广东省AOD均值最低的地区;从AOD的时间分布看,2010—2013年间,AOD呈现先升高后降低的趋势,2011年为拐点,与此同时,AOD还表现出明显的季节变化特征,春季为AOD高值期,夏季、秋季次之,冬季最低。     

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组泥页岩层系SiO2赋存状态与成因

为了弄清新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩层系中SiO_2对储集层物性、脆性等特性的影响,通过全岩和黏土矿物X衍射、岩石力学性质、阴极发光、扫描电镜及电子能谱等实验手段对其中SiO_2的赋存状态进行了研究,初步探讨了SiO_2不同形态赋存的机理,并在此基础上探究了石英含量对储层的影响。研究表明:凝灰岩、泥页岩和粉砂质泥岩中二氧化硅多以非晶态形式存在。二氧化硅在凝灰岩中多呈不规则球粒状,而在泥页岩和粉砂质页岩中无固定形态。凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质白云岩和白云岩中二氧化硅呈现一定的晶体形态。在凝灰质泥岩中,二氧化硅以自生石英形态聚集呈条带状,在凝灰质白云岩中则以自生石英形态发育于孤立的孔、洞之中,而白云岩中二氧化硅只能生长成Opal-A/Opal-CT阶段。凝灰质成分及其脱玻化作用为自生石英的生长提供了二氧化硅和生长空间,是控制SiO_2赋存状态的根本因素。此外,储集层孔隙度、渗透率和抗压强度都与石英含量呈一定正相关性,泊松比则与其呈负相关性。