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91.
D. J. Huisman G. T. Klaver A. Veldkamp B. J. H. van Os 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(1):154-169
2 O contents, which can be attributed to the Alpine source supplying fresh, sodic plagioclase-rich material instead of the local,
strongly weathered sediments. Increasing K2O/Al2O3 can be attributed to a similar decrease in degree of weathering. However, this trend is disturbed by the loss of K from clay
minerals during weathering in organic-rich layers. Local high TiO2 anomalies, caused by preferential sorting and concentration, are found in most Pliocene sections, but they are absent in
the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Alpine-derived deposits. This change is probably due to a change in the energy of
the fluvial system. Finally, (pyrite-) S contents drop (siderite-) Fe contents rise. Micromorphological observations indicate
that the Pliocene pyrite was formed when freshwater deposits were flooded with seawater during short-term events. The decrease
in S, and the increase in siderite-Fe, can be attributed to decreasing marine influence, as a result of the marine regression
at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition.
Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999 相似文献
92.
北京房山大理岩的岩石学微观特征及风化机理讨论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
北京地区许多石质古建筑都使用了房山大石窝的大理岩来建造的。本文以汉白玉(白色大理岩)和青白石(青色大理岩)为例,通过薄片镜下观察、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针等测试手段,对房山大理岩的岩石学微观特征进行了研究。研究对象为取自房山大石窝的新鲜岩样和取自北京古代石质建筑的风化剥落物。结果证实北京大理岩主要矿物成分是白云石,部分大理岩还含有一定量的石英。基于图像处理软件,对汉白玉和青白石矿物晶体的粒径进行了统计分析。在此基础上,从温度变化、酸雨的溶解、水的溶蚀、微裂隙的盐类充填的角度分析了大理岩的风化机理。相关研究可为北京大理岩石质文物的修复保护提供科学参考。 相似文献
93.
A large-scale field experiment took place in the marginal ice zone in the Barents Sea in May 2009. Fresh oil (7000 L) was released uncontained between the ice floes to study oil weathering and spreading in ice and surface water. A detailed monitoring of oil-in-water and ice interactions was performed throughout the six-day experiment. In addition, meteorological and oceanographic data were recorded for monitoring of the wind speed and direction, air temperature, currents and ice floe movements. The monitoring showed low concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbons and the predicted acute toxicity indicated that the acute toxicity was low. The ice field drifted nearly 80 km during the experimental period, and although the oil drifted with the ice, it remained contained between the ice floes. 相似文献
94.
Chemical characterization of naturally weathered oil residues in the sediment from Yellow River Delta, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With its close proximity to Shengli Oilfield, China’s second largest oilfield, the Yellow River Delta is at high risk for crude oil contamination. The massive oil discharge in oilfield may offer a chance for a natural experiment to investigate compositional changes of oil residues and study the stability of source- and weathering-dependent molecular parameters in oil residues after spills. The results demonstrate that the conventional diagnostic ratios, such as C2920S/(20S + 20R), C29/C30H, C30βα/αβ, C3122S/(22S + 22R), C2-DBTs/C2-PHENs, C3-DBTs/C3-PHENs, DBT/MCHRY, CHRY/PHENs, are also valid for oil source identification even after extensive weathering of spilled oils in terrestrial environment, although some exceptions were encountered for extensively weathered sample. Moreover, the ratios of selected specific biomarkers (the oleanane index, the gammacerane index) have been developed and assessed as source indicators. Finally, we find that some maturity parameters based on alkyl naphthalenes and methyl phenanthrenes in petroleum geochemistry, such as the methylnaphthalene ratios (TMNr, TeMNr, PMNr), the methylphenanthrene ratios (MPI-1, MPDF), can be applied for the source identification and correlation at their lightly to moderately weathered stage. 相似文献
95.
Along the northeast Greenland continental margin, bedrock on interfjord plateaus is highly weathered, whereas rock surfaces in fjord troughs are characterized by glacial scour. Based on the intense bedrock weathering and lack of glacial deposits from the last glaciation, interfjord plateaus have long been thought to be ice-free throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM). In recent years there is growing evidence from shelf and fjord settings that the northeast Greenland continental margin was more extensively glaciated during the LGM than previously thought. However, little is still known from interfjord settings. We present cosmogenic 10Be data from meltwater channels and weathered sandstone outcrops on Jameson Land, an interfjord highland north of Scoresby Sund. The mean exposure age of samples from channel beds (n = 3) constrains on the onset of deglaciation on interior Jameson Land to 18.5 ± 1.3–21.4 ± 1.9 ka (for erosion conditions of 0–10 mm/ka, respectively). This finding adds to growing evidence that the northeast Greenland continental margin was more heavily glaciated during the LGM than previously thought. 相似文献
96.
97.
Particle-size analysis is a useful way to determine the source and deposition of sediments. However, there are inconsistencies when this method is used to constrain the origin of the red soils in south-eastern China. To address this problem, we performed a detailed grain-size analysis of two red soil sequences in Xuancheng and Qiliting located along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. By comparing their particle-size characteristics with those of the loess on the Loess Plateau in northern China, we found that the aeolian samples plot in a particular zone in the C–M (grain size of the cumulative 1% versus median grain size) plot and cluster nearer the lower left corner of the plot as their degree of weathering increases. The grain-size features suggest that the onset of large-scale aeolian deposition along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River occurred at approximately 0.8 Ma. Although both sedimentary sorting and post-depositional weathering control the grain-size variations in the deposits, the extremely strong weathering due to the humid, warm climate along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River primarily modified the grain-size distributions of the primary red soil deposits. Strong weathering increased the very fine silt (2–5 μm) fraction and decreased the coarse (>63 μm) fraction. We also found that certain grain-size parameters of the red soils varied with the weathering intensity, which can be used as indicators of palaeoclimate variations. The grain size variations in both the Qiliting and Xuancheng sequences suggest that the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT) may have affected the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at 0.9 Ma. 相似文献
98.
99.
由地表风化产生的表面覆被层的矿物质,其质地或与它的基岩矿物相似,或十分不同,虽然这类表面层的厚度仅有几微米到几毫米,但它们却完全控制了地面的反射光谱。与此相似,有些由风吹送的尘埃、胶结物或其它附着物在表面形成的外层也是影响遥感反射光谱的重要因素。这种由胶结物形成的表层往往是深色(甚至黑色)的,因为它们通常出现在干旱区,故常称为“荒漠漆”(“desertvarnish”)。尽管这些暗色对我们的眼睛并无特别之处,但这类表面层(通常为粘土)在短波红外区(SWIR)具有低反射率的吸收特征,并能据此推断它们的矿物成分。因此,为了要在遥感图象和地面的实际“地质状况”之间建立联系,必须对裸露岩石表面特征具有良好的了解。由于不可能在野外总能找到“新鲜”的岩石表面,因此,人们必需能将“岩石内部”物质的光谱和它“上、下表面”的光谱区分开。本部分以美国加里福尼亚东部White-Inyo山区高海拔地区早古生代白云质碳酸盐的风化表面为例,研究其岩石表面风化特征与海拔高度的关系。 相似文献
100.
红舍克铝土矿由沉积型及风化堆积型二类。沉积型铝土矿由越北古陆中的岩浆岩、变质岩经长期剥蚀、风化后,经长距离搬运沉积而成,受基底、古岩溶地貌、沉积环境和沉积相的控制。堆积矿床属于表生第四纪岩溶堆积型,不但与岩性、气候、构造、地形地貌关系密切,亦与沉积型矿床有直接因果联系。 相似文献