太湖梅梁湾水体中介质吸收谱特性的空间变化

水体中藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物、CDOM的光谱吸收特性的变化是整个水体对光吸收特性变化的源．本文针对梅梁湾水体中介质的吸收系数,分析了总悬浮颗粒物、藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物和CDOM的标准化谱吸收数的变化．结果表明:藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物组成比例的空间分布不同,是造成该区域总悬浮颗粒物标准化谱吸收系数空间变化的原因．且标准化谱吸收系数的变化主要集中在400-425 nm及600-690 nm两个波段;就谱形而言,总悬浮颗粒物的谱吸收特性主要表现为非藻类颗粒物的吸收特点,即在该区域的水体中,非藻类颗粒物是总悬浮颗粒物吸收特性的主要贡献者;藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物和CDOM的吸收系数的空间变化主要是由各自的浓度变化造成的,即在采样时间内,梅梁湾的水体中,藻类颗粒物中的各种组成色素、非藻类颗粒物及CDOM中的腐殖酸和棕黄酸的组成比例在空间上基本没有太大的变化．另针对藻类颗粒物的吸收特性,本文还对比分析了用甲醇浸泡法和光谱标准分离法分离的藻类颗粒物的吸收特性,发现相对光谱标准分离法来说,甲醇浸泡法会造成藻类颗粒物吸收系数的较大波动．     

太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物吸收系数的分离

针对2004年7月17日梅梁湾16个采样点悬浮颗粒物的吸收系数,利用基于光谱标准的方法,将悬浮颗粒物的吸收系数分离成藻类和非藻类颗粒物两种,并将其中藻类颗粒物的吸收系数与通过甲醇浸泡法所得的结果进行分析对比．结果表明:利用甲醇浸泡提取法对藻类、非藻类吸收系数的分离,当非藻类颗粒物浓度较高时,所得的藻类吸收系数呈现出较明显的非藻类颗粒物的特征,造成藻类颗粒物吸收系数有所放大,且在短波段处体现的尤为明显;而基于光谱标准的模拟法能较好地将藻类颗粒物的吸收系数从总悬浮颗粒物吸收系数中分离出来,与甲醇浸泡法相比,藻类颗粒物在440、675 nm吸收峰处的吸收系数与叶绿素a的浓度相关性(R3)得到了较为明显的提高,分别由原来的0．66、0．75提高到了0．8964和0．8401;就甲醇浸泡法而言,总悬浮物吸收系数的谱形状对藻类吸收系数的放大程度有较大的影响,当其越接近藻类颗粒物的吸收特征时,则色素提取法造成的误差越小,相反,当其越接近非藻类颗粒物的吸收特征时,则甲醇浸泡法造成的误差越大．     

Phytoplankton pigments,functional types,and absorption properties in the Delagoa and Natal Bights of the Agulhas ecosystem

An investigation of pigments, phytoplankton types and absorption characteristics was conducted in the Delagoa and Natal Bights during late winter and spring in the southwest Indian Ocean. The study demonstrated that small flagellates dominated the phytoplankton communities in both bights and were ubiquitous across a temperature range of 18–24 °C. Diatoms were dominant in patches of cool water (<22 °C) related to upwelling processes and were associated with elevated levels of phytoplankton biomass, while prokaryotes were observed to increase in warm waters >22 °C. Absorption coefficients varied closely with variations in chlorophyll a and specific coefficients were lower for diatoms compared to flagellates. Chlorophyll-specific coefficients also provided useful information on the level of pigment packaging and were related to the proportion of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the pigment pool.     

Generation and propagation of transient nonlinear waves in a wave flume

A semi-analytical nonlinear wavemaker model is derived to predict the generation and propagation of transient nonlinear waves in a wave flume. The solution is very efficient and is achieved by applying eigenfunction expansions and FFT. The model is applied to study the effect of the wavemaker and its motion on the generation and propagation of nonlinear waves. The results indicate that the linear wavemaker theory may be applied to predict only the generation of waves of low steepness for which the nonlinear terms in the kinematic wavemaker boundary condition and free-surface boundary conditions are of secondary importance. For waves of moderate steepness and steep waves these nonlinear terms have substantial effects on wave profile and wave spectrum just after the wavemaker. A wave spectrum corresponding to a sinusoidally moving wavemaker possesses a multi-peak form with substantial nonlinear components, which disturbs or may even exclude physical modeling in wave flumes. The analysis shows that the widely recognized weakly nonlinear wavemaker theory may only be applied to describe the generation and propagation of waves of low steepness. This is subject to further restrictions in shallow and deep waters because the kinematic wavemaker boundary condition as well as the nonlinear interaction of wave components and the evolution of wave energy spectrum is not properly described by weakly nonlinear wavemaker theory. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume to verify the nonlinear wavemaker model. The comparisons show a reasonable agreement between predicted and measured free-surface elevation and the corresponding amplitudes of Fourier series. A reasonable agreement between theoretical results and experimental data is observed even for fairly steep waves.     

淀山湖有色可溶性有机物的光谱吸收特性

探讨了淀山湖水体中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的光谱吸收特性,CDOM与叶绿素a、浊度和COD等水质参数的关系,以及不同波段范围内CDOM光谱吸收形状(指数函数斜率S值)的变化.结果表明:淀山湖CDOM吸收系数不高,在355 nm波长处的吸收系数变化范围是6.95-10.28 m-1,而且湖南区高于湖北区;CDOM吸收系数和叶绿素a、浊度、COD等水质参数的相关性都不高,证明湖中的CDOM主要来自于城镇生活污水和工业废水的排放;CDOM吸收系数在300-500 nm范围内随着波长的增加呈指数递减,超过500 nm之后呈线性递减,在300-500 nm波段范围内指数函数的曲线斜率S为11.7-14.8 μm-1,在501-750 nm波段范围内波长每增1 nm,CDOM的吸收系数减小0.0021 m-1.     

海洋CDOM光吸收研究中若干问题的探讨

本文结合在厦门湾的现场调查和实验室分析，对目前海洋CDOM研究中的若干问题，从空白扣除、吸收系数和光谱斜率S值的估算方法、不同粒径滤膜对CDOM光学性质的影响等方面进行了探讨，并就河口混合过程中S值理论保守行为的判断进行了分析。结果表明，测定水样时，应以过滤后的纯水作为空白，CDOM的吸收系数应进行校正以消除样品中非CDOM信号的影响。进行CDOM的S值估算时，不论是高浓度的河流端还是低浓度的海端水样，当波长范围相同时，非线性回归所得S值均大于线性回归。当波长范围不同时，对任何一种回归方法，S值随长波区成分增多而降低，线性回归方法其降低程度尤其明显，总之波长范围对非线性回归处理的影响很小，S值通过对校正后的吸收系数进行非线性回归处理，同时波长范围选300—500nm较为适宜。决定河口混合时S值变化的因素不仅仅是河海两个端元CDOM的S值，还有它们CDOM浓度的相对大小，滤膜对近海Ⅱ类水域CDOM光吸收的影响是不可忽略的，以采用0．20μm左右的滤膜过滤水样为宜。     

地球物理技术在珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气勘探中的应用

番禺低隆起~白云凹陷北坡地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,目前已经发现了PY30-1、PY34-1、PY35-2、PY35-1和LH19-5等五个气田,天然气地质储量达1 200×108m3。如何在现有的勘探成果基础上进一步拓展勘探领域,对珠江口盆地东部天然气勘探的持续发展有着重要的意义。这里在依托番禺低隆起三维地震资料的前提下,以钻井、测井、地震等原始资料为基础,对本区的岩性电性特征进行分析,进而确定储层含气后在地震属性、AVO、瞬时子波吸收、波阻抗等资料上的响应特征,从而综合运用属性、子波吸收、AVO、反演、圈闭保存条件等多种手段,对目标圈闭的含油气性及储层进行预测。     

甲基异丁基甲酮萃取－石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量硒和碲

样品经ＨＮＯ＿３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ＿４分解，在５．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ介质中，以抗坏血酸为还原剂用甲基异丁基甲酮同时萃取样品中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。以Ｐｄ和Ｎｉ作混合基体改进剂，使用自制的涂锆石墨平台直接测定有机相中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。方法的检出限分别为０．２１×１０￣（－９）ｇＳｅ，０．１３×１０￣（－９）ｇＴｅ；测定０．０６ｇＳｅ、０．０３ｇＴｅ的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１１）分别为７．０％和８．９％。     

盐酸除锑—原子吸收测定锑矿中的金

将样品灼烧后，用HCl浸煮、蒸发除锑，消除锑对原子吸收法测金的干扰；并讨论了除锑条件和除锑效率。将所拟方法与HBr除锑测金的方法进行比较，分析结果基本一致，样品加标的回收率为98%～104%，RSD(n=5)<2.5%。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量金的不确定度的评定

针对石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量金的测定过程,建立了数学模型,分析了其不确定度的来源,对不确定度的各分量进行量化,计算得出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,并以不确定度的形式表达了测定结果。