用太阳及天光光度计进行大气臭氧探测

在紫外光谱区，大气臭氧有较丰富的吸收带结构。作者用自制的太阳及天光光度计测量直射阳光、直射月光和曙暮光的紫外吸收光谱，并用带吸收法计算臭氧垂直柱总量及斜程含量。文中介绍了观测和计算方法，并给出北京地区晴朗天气条件下观测的初步结果。     

原子吸收数据采集系统

本文描述了原子吸收数据采集系统。由单片机控制的数据通过RS-232接口传送给微机进行数据处理。最后由微机打印出被测样品的测量结果。     

凹凸棒石的材料矿物学实验研究

凹凸棒石对有机物,尤其对具有极性或极性基团的有机大分子有强烈的吸附作用,其机理在于它特殊的结构所导致的表面和沸石水孔道中的电性不饱和而产生的电吸附作用。凹凸棒石可以用作高分子PEK-C复合材料的填料,经过缩醛反应对凹凸棒石表面进行改性,可改善填料与基体之间内表面的粘结,提高复合材料的杨氏模量、抗张强度和断裂伸张。     

哈尔滨市地下水污染特征与水质净化作用研究

松花江哈尔滨江段水质污染较重,是否可能通过入渗补给影响哈尔滨市区地下水的水质?为此,分别对松花江哈尔滨江段和哈尔滨市地下含水层的污染特征与各自的净化能力进行了分析研究.结果表明,两者的净化能力均很强,并可不断地得以自然恢复。净化作用主要表现为稀释、吸附、过滤等.保持这种自然净化能力,对保护哈尔滨市地下含水层的优良水质有十分重要的作用。     

Nitric oxide concentration near the mesopause as deduced from ionospheric absorption measurements

Nitric oxide concentration in the upper D-region is estimated by comparing empirically derived ratios of Lyman- and X-ray contributions to the total radio-wave absorption (2775 kHz. A3 method) in medium latitudes with model ratios. Typical NO concentrations are about 8.5×10¹³ m^–3, at 90 km and 6.5×10¹³ m^–3 at 78 km. These values are higher than generally accepted model NO concentrations, but lie within the broad range of experimental values.     

Correlated seasonal and climatic variations of trace constituents in the stratosphere

Summary Spectrometric experiments performed, in November 1976, within the framework of the Latitude Survey Mission on board the NASA Convair 990 from Ames Research Center are briefly deseribed. The results presented concern odd nitrogen molecules, HCl and water vapor. In terms of vertical column density, HNO₃ is predominant over NO+NO₂ at all latitudes higher than 40 degrees. A seasonal variation of NO₂ abundance is observed, with larger values in the summer hemisphere at high latitude. The mean zenith column density of HCl above 11 km is 1.5×10¹⁵ mol.cm^–2, with no evidence for any seasonal or climatic variation. Local number densities as high as 1.4×10¹⁰ mol.cm^–3 for HNO₃ and 5.4×10¹⁴ mol.cm^–3 for water vapor have been measured during the same flight near 11 km.     

An Approach to Spectral Discrimination of Rocks Using ASAI and Rough Sets

Field data of outcrop spectrums provide important basis for modeling of hyper-spectral remote sensing aiming at mineral prospecting. We make an approach to the application of rough set theory in spectral discriminiation of rocks. We build a decision table with an adequate number of samples (out-crops) of known rock type (the universe), of which the conditional atributes are discretized “area spectrum absorption indexes“ (ASAI) corresponding to wavelength intervals, and the decision atribute is rock type. We search to obtain the exhaustive set of reducts of the table, each of which will serve as a variable number of deduction rules. Suppose we have n (usually a very big number) rules in total and there are m types of rocks in our universe, for any unknown sample, we judge its rock type by each of those rules. An unknown sample may be recognized as a different type by different rules because it is out-side our universe, and we accept the most frequent judgment result and ignore the other m-1 types of results. Our ASAI is an improvement upon the traditional spectrum absorption index (SAI), better applicable to field spectrums: given a spectrum curve and a wavelength interval, we take the average reflectance within the interval as a base line and let ASAI=αbelow/(αabove αbelow), where αbelow and αabove stand for total areas, bounded by the curve, the base line and the borders of the intervalbelow and above the base line respectively. With the equipments of FieldSpectr Fr (made by ASD Co., US), we collected data from Baiya gold deposit, Yunnan, and applied the above method to discriminate altered rocks as an experiment. The results show satisfactory performance of the method.     

Crystal chemistry of ferric iron in (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O<Subscript>3</Subscript> majorite with implications for the transition zone

Fifteen samples of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ majorite with varying Fe/Mg composition and one sample of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ majorite were synthesized at high pressure and temperature under different conditions of oxygen fugacity using a multianvil press, and examined ex situ using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer and optical absorption spectroscopy. The relative concentration of Fe³⁺ increases both with total iron content and increasing oxygen fugacity, but not with Al concentration. Optical absorption spectra indicate the presence of Fe²⁺–Fe³⁺ charge transfer, where band intensity increases with increasing Fe³⁺ concentration. Mössbauer data were used in conjunction with electron microprobe analyses to determine the site distribution of all cations. Both Al and Fe³⁺ substitute on the octahedral site, and charge balance occurs through the removal of Si. The degree of Mg/Si ordering on the octahedral sites in (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ majorite, which affects both the c/a ratio and the unit cell volume, is influenced by the thermal history of the sample. The Fe³⁺ concentration of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ majorite in the mantle will reflect prevailing redox conditions, which are believed to be relatively reducing in the transition zone. Exchange of material across the transition boundary to (Mg,Fe) (Si,Al)O₃ perovskite would then require a mechanism to oxidize sufficient iron to satisfy crystal-chemical requirements of the lower-mantle perovskite phase.     

Studies on the effects of polyaspartate protease fertilizer enhancer in the absorptions of soil nutrition and the enzymatic activities of crops

1　Introduction　Chinaisboththelargestproducerandthelargestconsumerofchemicalfertilizersintheworld .Since1984 ,Chineseconsumptionofchemicalfertilizerhasincreasedmorethanonetimes ,fromabout 17millionmetrictonsto 35millionmetrictons .However ,dur ingthesameperiod ,theyieldoffoodproductionhasincreasedonlyabout 10 % .Thediscrepancybetweenfertilizerconsumptionandyieldincreasehasindicatedthedrasticdecreaseofthebenefitsofchemicalfertiliz ers .Infact ,theutilizationefficiencyofnitrogenfer tilizerinC…     

侵蚀红壤植被恢复后土壤呼吸日动态及日呼吸速率测定方法比较

采用密闭室红外气体分析仪法（IRGA法）观测了中亚热带红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复后不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日动态变化，并比较了IRGA法与碱吸收法（AA法）测定的土壤呼吸速率．结果表明：侵蚀裸地植被恢复后土壤呼吸速率日动态呈单峰曲线，与土壤温度的昼夜变化基本一致，最高值一般出现在午后13：00～17：00，最低值出现在凌晨3：00～7：00；植被恢复显著提高了土壤日呼吸速率，但明显降低了土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度；马尾松林对土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度降低程度高于板栗园和百喜草地，且对夏季的降低程度影响最大．而IRGA法和AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率具有显著的幂函数关系，AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率为IRGA法的27．5％～218％，平均为76．2％．当土壤呼吸速率较低时，AA法比IRGA法高估了土壤呼吸速率；反之，AA法则低估了土壤呼吸速率．