层化流体中半板造波的内波解

为了形象地说明内波的传播模式,研究给出了内波水槽中由半板造波所形成的内波解。结合Ｖａｅｉｓａｅｌａｅ频率Ｎ（ｚ）＝ｃｏｎｓｔ和简化Ｈｏｌｍｂｏｅ两种密度剖面模式讨论了内波场的传播图案。在内波水槽中成功地形成了上述两种密度剖面,相应的实验印证了本文分析的正确性。     

Depthimeter-Precise Vessel Depth for Bathymetry

This article describes the design, operation, and field testing of the depthimeter. The depthimeter merges heave and acoustically derived vessel depth to form estimates of instantaneous vessel depth and instantaneous sea surface height, both relative to mean sea level. Results from sea trials held in December 1997 demonstrate successful operation of the system.     

Modelling of pile wave barriers by effective trenches and their screening effectiveness

The three-dimensional problem of isolation of vibration by a row of piles is studied numerically on the basis of a model replacing the row of piles by an effective trench in order to reduce the modelling complexity. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of an advanced frequency domain boundary element method, which is used for both the infilled trench and the soil medium in conjunction with a coupling procedure based on enforcement of equilibrium and compatibility at the trench–soil interface. Linear elastic or viscoelastic material behaviour is assumed for both the piles and the soil. The piles can be tubular or solid and have circular or square cross-section. The vibration source is a vertical force, harmonically varying with time, and the row of piles acts as a passive wave barrier. The effective trench model is constructed by invoking well known homogenization techniques used in the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composite materials, and its accuracy is compared against a rigorous boundary element analysis modelling each pile separately in full contact with the soil medium. On the basis of the effective trench model, the screening effectiveness of a row of piles is studied through parametric studies.     

Application of Weibull model for redefined significant wave height distributions

It is well accepted that the parent distribution for individual ocean wave heights follows the Weibull model. However this model does not simulate significant wave height which is the average of the highest one-third of some ‘n’ (n- varies) wave heights in a wave record. It is now proposed to redefine significant wave height as average of the highest one-third of a constant number (n-constant, say,n = 100) of consecutive individual wave heights. The Weibull model is suggested for simulating redefined significant wave height distribution by the method of characteristic function. An empirical support of 100.00% is established by Χ²-test at 0.05 level of significance for 3 sets of data at 0900, 1200 and 1500 hrs at Valiathura, Kerala coast. Parametric relations have been derived for the redefined significant wave height parameters such as mean, maximum one-third average, extreme wave heights, return periods of an extreme wave height and the probability of realising an extreme wave height in a time less than the designated return period.     

波群的波向线散开因子方程

本文将既适用于平面笛卡尔直角坐标系又适用于球面坐标系的基本式同文献[16]中的波向线方程结合,导出波群的波向线散开因子方程。由此方程解出的散开因子是波群组成波的波要素的函数。据此因子连同浅水系数和摩擦系数就可求得波群的波动强度或波高沿波向线的变化。在一定条件下,所导得的方程便分别化为形同于相应坐标系中单频率波的。 所讨论的波群的折射是唯一地由水深变浅所致的。 根据线性势论,得到由波数、波向和频率都彼此稍异的两系正弦波迭加而成的简单波群,海洋中的波群虽较这复杂得多,但两者本质上是相同的。故所提方程可作为计算浅水域中波群的折射系数的模式。     

Surf zone dynamics simulated by a Boussinesq type model. Part I. Model description and cross-shore motion of regular waves

This is the first of three papers on the modelling of various types of surf zone phenomena. In this first paper, part I, the model is presented and its basic features are studied for the case of regular waves. The model is based on two-dimensional equations of the Boussinesq type and it features improved linear dispersion characteristics, possibility of wave breaking, and a moving boundary at the shoreline. The moving shoreline is treated numerically by replacing the solid beach by a permeable beach characterized by an extremely small porosity. Run-up of nonbreaking waves is verified against the analytical solution for nonlinear shallow water waves. The inclusion of wave breaking is based on the surface roller concept for spilling breakers using a geometrical determination of the instantaneous roller thickness at each point and modelling the effect of wave breaking by an additional convective momentum term. This is a function of the local wave celerity, which is determined interactively. The model is applied to cross-shore motions of regular waves including various types of breaking on plane sloping beaches and over submerged bars. Model results comprise time series of surface elevations and the spatial variation of phase-averaged quantities such as the wave height, the crest and trough elevations, the mean water level, and the depth-averaged undertow. Comparisons with physical experiments are presented. The phaseaveraged balance of the individual terms in the momentum and energy equation is determined by time-integration and quantities such as the cross-sectional roller area, the radiation stress, the energy flux and the energy dissipation are studied and discussed with reference to conventional phase-averaged wave models. The companion papers present cross-shore motions of breaking irregular waves, swash oscillations and surf beats (part II) and nearshore circulations induced by breaking of unidirectional and multidirectional waves (part III).     

深部地壳镁铁质岩石波速的研究

镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石波速实验测量在高压700-800MPa、高温800-1100℃下进行．波速-温度曲线的斜率以温度系数dVp／dT表示，大体在700℃以内，8个标本的温度系数平均为-1．86×10-4km·S^-1／℃，比资料值小得多，即在此温度范围内，波速随温度的降幅不大．在这一温度限以上，大多岩石开始脱水出溶，相组合发生变化，同时波速大幅度下降．曲线发生转折的机制是岩石中液相的产生．角闪岩波速曲线斜率也从700℃开始发生改变，950℃后速度直线下降，到1008℃时，岩石中液量达30％，波速Vp值下降到487km／s．最后，依岩类不同以及岩石出溶和相变对波速的影响划分出5个速度-温度区，讨论了华北断块内构造隆起区和沉降区下地壳可能存在的岩石及其状态．     

论不同模式大气中的静力适应过程

为了研究大气静力平衡适应过程的本质,利用波动理论和能量转换角度,分别对完全可压缩的等温大气模型、滞弹近似下的等温大气模型和层结中性大气模型进行研究比较.结果表明：大气静力平衡适应过程的本质是声波和混合声重力波对扰动能量的频散过程,滞弹近似模型和层结中性模型均不能完全描述此适应过程;在波动假设下,此三类大气模型中扰动物理量之间的偏振关系同波动的性质有关,气团的运动方程均为椭圆方程,声波和混合声重力波对气团运动的作用差异较显著.
大气静力平衡适应过程中扰动能量以有效势能、有效弹性势能、动能或波动能量的形式存在并相互转换;扰动有效势能与其他形式能量之间的转换与混合声重力波或者重力内波有关,扰动有效弹性势能与其他形式能量之间的转换与声波有关.在完全可压缩的等温大气模型中,扰动有效势能增加1个单位,其中69.9%来自扰动垂直动能,其余30.1%来自扰动有效弹性势能.     

Characterisation and multifaceted anisotropy assessment of Corvio sandstone for geological CO2 storage studies

We present a comprehensive characterisation of the physical, mineralogical, geomechanical, geophysical, and hydrodynamic properties of Corvio sandstone. This information, together with a detailed assessment of anisotropy, is needed to establish Corvio sandstone as a useful laboratory rock‐testing standard for well‐constrained studies of thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical coupled phenomena associated with CO₂ storage practices and for geological reservoir studies in general. More than 200 core plugs of Corvio sandstone (38.1 and 50 mm diameters, 2:1 length‐to‐diameter ratio) were used in this characterisation study, with a rock porosity of 21.7 ± 1.2%, dry density 2036 ± 32 kg m^?3, and unconfined compressive and tensile strengths of 41 ± 3.28 and 2.3 ± 0.14 MPa, respectively. Geomechanical tests show that the rock behaves elastically between ～10 and ～18 MPa under unconfined conditions with associated Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of 11.8 ± 2.8 GPa and 0.34 ± 0.01 GPa, respectively. Permeability abruptly decreases with confining pressure up to ～10 MPa and then stabilises at ～1 mD. Ultrasonic P‐ and S‐wave velocities vary from about 2.8–3.8 km s^?1 and 1.5–2.4 km s^?1, respectively, over confining and differential pressures between 0.1 and 35 MPa, allowing derivation of associated dynamic elastic moduli. Anisotropy was investigated using oriented core plugs for electrical resistivity, elastic wave velocity and attenuation, permeability, and tracer injection tests. Corvio sandstone shows weak transverse isotropy (symmetry axis normal to bedding) of <10% for velocity and <20% for attenuation.     

2008年10月的一次寒潮天气过程分析

文章选择常规天气以及物理量资料,利用天气学原理分析了2008年10月21—23日发生在包头地区的寒潮天气过程,从中寻求一些有物理意义的预报指标,为今后的预报提供可靠的预报依据。