Laboratory investigations on impulsive waves caused by underwater landslide

Laboratory investigations have been performed on the submarine landslide generated waves by performing 120 laboratory tests. Both rigid and deforming-slide masses are considered. The effects of bed slope angle, initial submergence, slide geometry, shape and deformation on impulse wave characteristics have been inspected. Impulse wave amplitude, period, energy and nonlinearity are studied in this work. The effects of bed slope angle on energy conversion from slide into wave are also investigated. Laboratory-based prediction equations are presented for impulse wave amplitude and period in near and far-field and are successfully verified using the available data in previous laboratory and numerical works.     

Hindcast of the wave conditions along the west Iberian coast

This paper describes the development of a wave prediction system for the west Iberian coast. The implemented wave prediction system is based on two state-of-the-art spectral wave models, WAM for the ocean area and SWAN for the nearshore. However, because of its extended geographical space the SWAN model will include some generation effects in the coarse SWAN simulations, complemented by wave transformation effects near the coast. The system was validated by means of extended hindcast runs in various regions belonging to the continental Portuguese coastal environment, which were compared with buoy data, focusing on the extreme energetic events and both direct comparisons and statistical results are presented.     

Combined classifier–quantifier model: A 2-phases neural model for prediction of wave overtopping at coastal structures

A 2-phases neural prediction method for wave overtopping is developed. The ‘classifier’ predicts whether overtopping occurs or not, i.e. q = 0 or q > 0. If the classifier predicts overtopping q > 0, then the ‘quantifier’ is used to determine the mean overtopping discharge. The overtopping database set up within the EC project CLASH (De Rouck, J., Geeraerts, J., 2005. CLASH Final Report, Full Scientific and Technical Report, Ghent University, Belgium) is used to train the networks of the prediction method.     

Process-based modeling of the overflow-induced growth of erosional channels

A new process-based approach is introduced for a more efficient computation of the overflow-induced growth of an erosional channel in a non-cohesive homogeneous narrow landmass such as the breach growth in a sand-dike. The approach is easy to incorporate in a 1D/2DV morphodynamic model to compute the channel growth both vertically and laterally.     

从防波效益分析湛江沿海红树林营造宽度

根据湛江沿海波浪分布情况 ,运用章家昌提出的防波林消波系数公式 ,以防波效益 80 %为目标 ,通过计算和综合分析得 :湛江沿岸营造红树林时 ,在潮差小 (约 2 m左右 )海区 ,营造宽度应在 80～1 2 0 m左右 ;在潮差大 (约 4 m左右 )海区 ,营造宽度应在 2 0 0～ 3 0 0 m左右。     

中层大气中重力波饱和机制的数值分析

通过对向上传播的重力波波包在中层大气中的非线性传播过程进行数值模拟,讨论中层大气中重力波的饱和机制.数值模拟结果表明,向上传播的重力波波包的扰动振幅在接近波包的本征水平相速度之前随高度单调增长,而当波振幅接近本征水平相速度时,在对流不稳定区域出现等位温面的翻转,同时波振幅的增长达到饱和（波振幅随高度不发生变化）.小尺度对流在等位温面的翻转和波饱和发生后产生,随后波包开始破碎,这些非线性过程的最终结果产生湍流.表明导致重力波饱和的关键因素是等位温面的翻转而不是诸如波破碎、湍流、波-流相互作用等其他的一些物理过程.     

独山子背斜的几何学运动学数字模拟

独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段,是北天山逆冲推覆带在前陆盆地山前形成的断层相关褶皱。本文以横跨背斜的过井地震剖面为蓝本,用钻井数据、相邻地震剖面和地表形态为约束,运用断层相关褶皱模型对独山子背斜进行几何学定量分析,以建立合理的与实际接近的构造模型; 提取构造特征参数进行基于Trishear模型的运动学定量模拟,选取与实际数据吻合度最高的构造形态为独山子背斜的最佳几何模型。模拟数据表明:独山子背斜为前翼呈三角剪切的断层传播褶皱; 背斜变形从喜马拉雅山晚期更新统(Q1-3)沉积期间开始形成并生长,平均推覆速率为0.18 mm/a; 全新统沉积期间(Q4)推覆活动强度达到最大值,平均推覆速率为 4.64 mm/a。形成独山子背斜所需的总推覆位移量为5 600 m左右,第四纪期间的平均推覆速率约为0.19 mm/a。     

智利地震前DEMETER卫星对空间高能粒子的观测

在地震的孕育或发生期间,地球内部岩石圈的活动可能会发出电磁辐射,引起空间电磁扰动,并通过波粒相互作用引起高能电子的投掷角散射,导致高能电子的沉降.本文基于法国DEMETER卫星的观测数据,研究了智利周围区域在智利地震期间空间高能电子的通量、能谱的分布及演化,发现在智利地震发生前第11天和12天,在以震中为中心,经度跨度10°,在DEMETER卫星轨道高度上L跨度0.1的区域内,有超出背景4到6倍的高能带电粒子暴的出现,期间在其北半球磁镜像区域也观测到了显著的电子通量涨高.粒子暴对应的能谱与2010年前三个月的平均能谱存在较大差异.同时观测到在出现粒子暴的两条轨道上VLF(Very Low Frequency,甚低频)电场频谱分别在300 Hz以下以及13~20 kHz的频段存在显著增强,此扰动在时间和地理位置上与高能粒子暴是一致的.基于回旋共振耦合作用的准线性扩散理论,本文对所观测事例的电子能量与电磁场扰动频率做了分析计算.观测数据和理论计算有较好的一致性,表明该粒子暴源自ICE(Instrument Champ Electrique,电磁探测器)观测到的空间电磁扰动,这是典型的空间波粒耦合事例.进一步分析排除了可能引起粒子暴和VLF电场扰动的环境因素,本文认为本次粒子暴和电场扰动的观测可能与智利地震的震前地壳活动存在一定关联.     

裂缝模型声波衰减系数的数值模拟

超声波数据是研究碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构的重要资料,超声波响应可用来反演孔隙结构.本文从声波波动理论出发,以裂缝模型为研究对象,开展超声波数值模拟研究.结果表明:随着裂缝孔隙度的增加,岩石声波衰减系数总体呈上升趋势,但孔隙度增长方式不同,衰减系数的递增函数规律亦不同;随着裂缝延伸方向与声波激发方向的夹角增大,岩石声波的衰减系数线性增加;衰减系数随着裂缝密度增大呈幂函数规律递增;利用数值模拟的方法能避免人为误差、节约实验成本,为裂缝结构的岩石声波实验研究拓展了思路.